The Impact of The Internet on Society :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The equal of The Internet on SocietyEntertainment just isnt the same ever since our order has had Internet access. Now, all anybody has to do to get cheap entertainment at their own expense is type in a sub-topic on a raging web site, and their entertainment pops up. Some web sites will ask for a credit card number, and others will just let you download movies, music or whatever for free. For instance, there is a web-site called, real money casino. You can just sit on your computer, win real money, and have it wired straight to your account. totally you have to do is be 21 years of age and give them your social security number. Really, anybody can sit at home and say they ar 21 and use there p arents credit card to pay for the charge. Ok maybe its not that easy but I bet you it is pretty easy. rightful(prenominal) think of how easy it is to lose money from the casinos computer nerds, who wire a little of your money out of your account and straight into the casinos account. I ha ve had the regain to personally go to a casino and see what its like on the inside. I got to see how the gambling business really works. I was only slightly 11 years old when I went, but I remember everything slightly it. The casino is a common for people who live near my way. It is called, gruesome Hawk Casino. Now, people under 21 arent allowed in the casino like before. This is because too many people were getting angry at the circumstance of a little kid sitting there and watching them while they romped. Maybe they thought kids were bad luck or something. Right when I walked in the casino, I thought it was the coolest thing ever. There were shiny slot machines everywhere, guards, cameras, and sounds of people winning. The sounds were like if youve ever took all of the change out of your piggy bank at once, the sound of all that change clinging together. Its just like music for your ears. It was awesome. I couldnt wait until I turned 21. Who would want to sit at home and co nvey on the Internet when they can get up and go to the casino in person? Its got to be ten times better and more fun.The Impact of The Internet on Society Exploratory Essays Research PapersThe Impact of The Internet on SocietyEntertainment just isnt the same ever since our ordination has had Internet access. Now, all anybody has to do to get cheap entertainment at their own expense is type in a sub-topic on a toothsome web site, and their entertainment pops up. Some web sites will ask for a credit card number, and others will just let you download movies, music or whatever for free. For instance, there is a web-site called, real money casino. You can just sit on your computer, win real money, and have it wired straight to your account. every you have to do is be 21 years of age and give them your social security number. Really, anybody can sit at home and say they are 21 and use there parents credit card to pay for the charge. Ok maybe its not that easy but I bet you it is pr etty easy. on the nose think of how easy it is to lose money from the casinos computer nerds, who wire a little of your money out of your account and straight into the casinos account. I have had the retrieve to personally go to a casino and see what its like on the inside. I got to see how the gambling business really works. I was only about 11 years old when I went, but I remember everything about it. The casino is a common for people who live near my way. It is called, disgraceful Hawk Casino. Now, people under 21 arent allowed in the casino like before. This is because too many people were getting angry at the circumstance of a little kid sitting there and watching them while they played. Maybe they thought kids were bad luck or something. Right when I walked in the casino, I thought it was the coolest thing ever. There were shiny slot machines everywhere, guards, cameras, and sounds of people winning. The sounds were like if youve ever took all of the change out of your pigg y bank at once, the sound of all that change clinging together. Its just like music for your ears. It was awesome. I couldnt wait until I turned 21. Who would want to sit at home and play on the Internet when they can get up and go to the casino in person? Its got to be ten times better and more fun.

Gatsby and the American Dream Essays -- The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitz

The American Dream is what we on the whole aspire to achieve. The idea of starting off with nothing and to render something has caused millions of people from all corners of the world to immigrate to this country for over 300 years. However, what exactly is the American Dream? F Scott Fitzgerald answers this question within his novel The Great Gatsby. Through the eyes of Nick Carraway, Fitzgerald analyses the proud class of the 1920s and reveals that the American Dream has been distorted from a pure ideal of security into a convoluted scheme of materialistic power. Fitzgerald incorporates the aspects of both the quondam(a) dream & the new dream in his tragic story to depicts how the inflexible dream has been corrupted and lost forever.Fitzgerald illustrates in The Great Gatsby that the qualities of the original dream argon perseverance and hope. The most glorified of these characteristics is that of success against all odd. The ethic of hard work can be found in the life of the young crowd together Gatz. His focus on becoming a great man is thoroughly depicted in his Hopalong Cassidy journal. When Mr. Gatsby showed the tattered book to Nick, Mr. Gatsby said, Jimmy was bound to get ahead. He always has some resolves like this or something. Do you notice what hes got about improving his mind? He was always great for that. The Hopalong Cassidy symbolizes the continual struggle for self-improvement, which has been the basis of America a land of opportunity.Social Classes have always been apparent in civilization and America in the 1920s is no exception. Often those who rank in the lower classes usually feel that their problems will be resolved if they gain enough wealth to reach the upper class. This indeed offers a false connotation that the American Dream is this passage into to high social status and upon reaching that level, you are then able to abandon all economic worries. However, the American Dream involves more than acquiring wealth and a high socia l status. The dream involves attaining a balance between the spiritual long suit and the physical strength of an individual. In the end of this book Jay Gatsbys ultimate goal to have Daisy love him never comes to fruition solely because he chooses to watch over his dream by engaging in a lifestyle of high class. The product of hard work is the longing Jay Gatsby, who contains the purest chara... ...umanity So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back perpetually into the past. The dream is now completely gone without a possibility of being resurrected.Through unfolding events of a doomed romance, F Scott Fitzgerald also depicts the indispensable doom of the American Dream. Gatsby had no balance to the extremes of his material and spiritual sides of himself. His dream of winning over Daisys love is masked by the desire to become rich. Fitzgerald created Gatsby to show the failure of the individual who believes the American Dream requires money. It is well documented Ameri ca was to be a land of endless opportunity and wealth, however a nation needs more depth than its promise of materialism. The true composition of a nation is the unity of its peoples minds in ordination to achieve a universal acceptance.Fitzgerald uses Gatsby and the other characters to convey his message- The American Dream, once a pure and noble concept is now dead and buried into the backdrop by a dehumanized void which revolves around money. Perhaps the book is not a tribute to a man named Jay Gatsby, rather, a tribute of an a noble aspiration of realistic success which is now and forever gone.

Voice Recognition Software: Comparison and Recommendations :: essays research papers

Voice Recognition Software Comparison and RecommendationsUse of utterance acknowledgment software is under consideration by medicaloffice administrators nationally. Administrators have long searchedfor alternatives to the expense, error rate, and record-completiondelays associated with conventional transcription. It is no wonderthat, with the recent advances in voice recognition software, medicaltransciptionists are looking at this emerging technology as a powerfulway of accomplishing essential record-keeping tasks.This report investigates four of the wind voice recognitionapplications to determine whether this technology has become apractical option and to determine which application is the bestchoice. And so that this report and further teach of the software canbe better understood, an introduction to the subject of voicerecognition software follows.Introduction to Voice Recognition TechnologySeveral distinguishable voice recognition products currently exist in themarketplace , and viable choices are greater in number than they wereonly a few years ago. fast changes have been fueled by theever-increasing power and plummeting equipment casualtys of desktop systems. Thoughroom for improvement still exists, accuracy has advanced tremendouslyin a stunningly short time.Brief history. The first software-only dictation product for PCs,Dragon Systems DragonDictate for Windows 1.0, using discrete idiomrecognition technology, was released in 1994. Discrete speech is aslow, supernatural means of dictation, requiring a pause after each andevery word 11. Two years later, IBM introduced the first continuousspeech recognition software, its MedSpeak/Radiology. These systemsoften had five-figure price tags and required very expensive PCs.Continuous speech technology allows its users to speak naturally andconversationally, relieving much of the tedium of discrete speechdictation 11.Dragon Systems do an enormous stride in June, 1997, when it releasedNaturallySpeaking , the first general-purpose continuous speechsoftware program. Much more affordable than earlier programs, itbrought the realm of continuous speech recognition to a much widerrange of users. Two months later, IBM released its competingcontinuous speech software, ViaVoice 10.Stringent demands. Much is demanded of speech recognition programs.Accuracy is critical, and speed is essential to any effective program.Added to these challenges are the enormous variance that exists amongindividual human speech patterns, pitch, rate, and inflection. Thesevariations are an extraordinary test of the flexibility of anyprogram. Voice recognition follows these stepSpoken words enter a microphone.Audio is processed by the computers sound card.The software discriminates between lower-frequency vowels andhigher-frequency consonants and compares the results with phonemes,the smallest building blocks of speech. The software then comparesresults to groups of phonemes, and then to genuine words, determi ningthe most(prenominal) likely match.Contextual information is simultaneously processed in order to moreaccurately predict words that are most likely to be used next, such as

Essay on Manipulation through Language in The Memorandum

Manipulation through Language in The Memorandum How one utilizes run-in to bear on certain images or perspectives can greatly influence the way people think. One can use language to manipulate the minds of others and bring them under nearly form of subjugation. In Vaclav Havels The Memorandum certain characters use this tactic of manipulation through different means that involve language, and in the process, they gain the authority or recognition they are seeking. Ballas promotes the new creation of the synthetic language, Ptydepe, which reduces humans by mechanizing them for the purpose of a more scientific and efficient system of communication. The language is created so that people allow for show no emotions or flaws when speaking. This system is analogous to the bureaucracy, which also implements its linguistic power to establish and maintain order in either aspect of The Memorandums society. Havel illustrates how language is intrinsically omnipotent by exemplifying the dra stic effects it can have on peoples rationality. The characters in the play who use language to their advantage gain power, and those who allow language to control them become victims of the cyclic struggle to systematize humanity. Ballas is one person who uses language to manipulate and abate people, thereby exercising his power. Although subordinate to tax income by title in the beginning of the play, Ballas manages to finesse Gross into signing the supplementary order for the official introduction of Ptydepe, nevertheless though Gross is in opposition to the idea of an artificial language. He uses public opinion over the rubber stamp affair to manipulate Gross into submitting to his demands. Ballas strategically attempts to tell Gross what he be... ... also lapse into self-alienation, unable to identify with who they are as humans. The characters in the play have become so involved in a systematic way of living that they keep a knife and fork in their office drawers that t hey take with them everyday to lunch in a solemn, funeral-like procession (2.12). As long as people allow this oppression of humanity, the circle of power will never cease. In the play, although Ptydepe was eventually condemned as a failure, instead of ridding the organization of the system, Ballas implemented a new method of communication, Chorukor. Just as the play ends as it begins, the system that controls peoples actions and thoughts will remain intact until a greater power can control the system. WORKS CITED Havel, Vaclav. The Memorandum in The Garden Party and Other Plays. Trans. Vera Blackwell. New York orchard Press, 1993.

Aztecs :: essays research papers

According to their own history, the Aztecs, who called themselvesthe Tenochcaor Mexica, started as a small erratic tribe originating froma place called Aztlan.Aztlan existed somewhere in the southern part of Californiaor the north west ofMexico. At this time they were Nahuatl speaking. Duringthe twelfth ampere-second theystarted a period of wandering and in the thirteenthcentury they came acrossMexicos aboriginal valley. There they decided to settle.The reason for this is aprophecy. The prophecy said that when they maxim aneagle sitting on a cactus witha snake in its mouth that was where they wereto build their great civilization. Forthat reason they called it Tenochtitlan,meaning place of the cactus. Since theprophecy was make full upon an islandin the middle of a small lake, called LakeTexcoco, land became short. Theybuilt Tenochtitlan in the twelvemonth thirteen twentyfive BC. They started as asmall essay village continually fighting with otherMexican city-states.Tenochtitl an acted as a place of refuge.Aztec Empire At first the Aztecswhere ruled by the mightiest of the city-states in central Mexicoknown asAzcapotzlaco. They helped Azcapotzlaco to conquer surroundingterritory inthe early fourteen hundreds. By fourteen twenty-eight they hadAzcopotzlacoitself with the help of neighboring allies. Tenochtitlan, by the yearfourteenthirty-one, with an alliance with the neighboring city-states of Texcoco andTlacopanhad become and independent city-state itself. This triple alliance of threecity-statessoon controlled all of Mexicos central valley. Tenochtitlan, as thedominatecity-state in this alliance, became a base for a program of militaryexpansionand conquest. However the program was left incomplete even when theempirefell to the Spaniards. To connect the Capitol to the mainland the Aztecsbuilta network of canals, bridges and three stone causeways. Aztecs didnt ruledirectlyover the lands they concord. Instead they demanded tribute such as food,clothing,wove n blankets, precious stones, furs, feathers, fine timberland and slaves orcaptives.As a result these products became available in the marketplace andcommonin peoples homes. The emperors power came from his control of themilitary, wich wasexceedingly large. Under him was his chief deputy, whowould air withthe gods and relate the gods wishes to the Emperor.Below him there was acouncil of four noble princes and three honored classesof warriors who managedday to day affairs in the empire. Below them werefour affable classes, nobles,commoners, serfs and slaves. Nobles the noblesowned private plots of land orshared land with other families. CommonersThe commoners were the largestgroup who included priests, merchants, artisans,and farmers who held land incommon with the nobles. Serfs The majorityof the serfs farmed the nobles land. Slaves The slaves were the lowest

Aztecs :: essays research papers

According to their own history, the Aztecs, who called themselvesthe Tenochcaor Mexica, started as a small nomadic tribe originating froma turn out called Aztlan.Aztlan existed somewhere in the southern part of Californiaor the north west ofMexico. At this time they were Nahuatl speaking. Duringthe twelfth century theystarted a period of world-wide and in the thirteenthcentury they came acrossMexicos central valley. There they decided to settle.The reason for this is aprophecy. The prophecy said that when they saw aneagle sitting on a cactus witha snake in its mouth that was where they wereto build their great civilization. Forthat reason they called it Tenochtitlan,meaning place of the cactus. Since theprophecy was filled upon an is primingin the middle of a small lake, called LakeTexcoco, land became short. Theybuilt Tenochtitlan in the year thirteen twentyfive BC. They started as asmall struggling village continually battle with otherMexican city-states.Tenochtitlan acted as a place of refuge.Aztec Empire At first the Aztecswhere ruled by the mightiest of the city-states in central Mexicoknown asAzcapotzlaco. They helped Azcapotzlaco to becharm surroundingterritory inthe early fourteen hundreds. By fourteen twenty-eight they hadAzcopotzlacoitself with the help of attached allies. Tenochtitlan, by the yearfourteenthirty-one, with an alliance with the neighboring city-states of Texcoco andTlacopanhad become and independent city-state itself. This triple alliance of thirdcity-statessoon controlled all of Mexicos central valley. Tenochtitlan, as thedominatecity-state in this alliance, became a base for a syllabus of militaryexpansionand conquest. However the program was left incomplete even when theempirefell to the Spaniards. To connect the Capitol to the mainland the Aztecsbuilta network of canals, bridges and three stone causeways. Aztecs didnt ruledirectlyover the lands they concord. Instead they demanded tribute such as food,clothing,woven blankets, precious stones, furs, feathers, fine woods and slaves orcaptives.As a result these products became available in the marketplace andcommonin peoples homes. The emperors power came from his control of themilitary, wich wasexceedingly large. Under him was his chief deputy, whowould communicate withthe gods and relate the gods wishes to the Emperor.Below him thither was acouncil of four noble princes and three honored classesof warriors who managedday to day affairs in the empire. Below them werefour social classes, nobles,commoners, serfs and slaves. Nobles the noblesowned private plots of land orshared land with other families. CommonersThe commoners were the largestgroup who included priests, merchants, artisans,and farmers who held land incommon with the nobles. Serfs The majorityof the serfs farmed the nobles land. Slaves The slaves were the lowest

Care of Suicidal Patient in Ed

This article Is about caring for pediatric patients who are suicidal. I believe In coincided with what we have recently been learning about during our clinical experience. I was also Interested in this article because I had worked In pediatrics for six old age prior to working in a rehab/nursing home setting. After reading this article, I learned ways to portion outfully screen the pediatric patient, how to do an assessment and how some families act and what measures of support they look at during their families time of crisis.This oracle gave a case study of a boy that was brought Into the emergency apartment with his have and grandfather. When the go down on met him in the reception area he was sitting In a chair with his legs pulled up to his chest and his shoe laces were untied. He avoided eye striking during their meeting. The mother in the case study was visibly upset.This boy was brought to the emergency department because this young boy was found in the kitchen holding a butcher knife to his neck, when his mother walked In and got the young boy to give her the knife, Prior to this day there were many changes in the young boys life, he recently started a new school and he was diagnosed with Espaliers syndrome. This boy also had trouble making friends in his school and he was being bullied. Other children at school were overweight this boy. This story made me think of all the children that are In POEMS and how he seemed to have a lot of things In common with them. They were all in analogous situations.The wet- protect after obtaining this register from his mother and asking about any medications, vaccinations, allergies, possible exposures to communicable diseases also needed to obtain his vital signs and head to toenail assessment The young boy let the nurse do his height and weight but as soon as the nurse put the stethoscope to he boys chest he felt his heart pounding and he thought It meant he was going to die. The boy had anxiety during th e assessment so the nurse halt the assessment and showed what she needed to do on his mother and after the boy relaxed a little bit, he allowed the nurse to finish the assessment on him.The nurse got a one on one to stay with this patient because he was at risk for doing harm to himself. The nurse also had to obtain an EGG and body of water drug screen. In our clinical setting, I have seen the urine drug screen used on every patient but not the EGG. match to this article, It Is Important to obtain a baseline EGG because many psychophysiology agents can affect the conduction system of the heart. After the boy was medically cleared, he was eligible to meet with the psychiatrist and social worker. He had to wait for the psychiatrist and he became agitated and started kicking the wall.Security had to be called Into the room and the safety door was lowered. The nurse removed their name badge and their bandage scissors as they were both safety hazards. The nurse re-entered the room kee ping their pathway to the door unobstructed. All heartrending items were removed from the room. The nurse used many different techniques to deescalate the situation and used the mother to get Information of things that have worked In the past. When the boy was ready to discharge, the nurse gave them education on a safety plan the called tort keeping knives out to the boys reach and tallow up tort outpatient care.No medications were given to calm him down. The suicide step in the entire world has increased over the past few decades with a greater number of boys attempting suicide then girls. In 2010, there was a study hat found 14% of children ages 11-20 reported having suicidal thoughts within the previous month. According to this article, Native American males have the highest suicide rate in the United States for children over 10, and non-Hispanic black females have the lowest rate.Some psychosocial risk factors include, the presence of an underlying psychiatric condition, a his tory of prior suicide attempts, a history of physical or sexual abuse, and a lack of mental health treatment. Poor coping skills have been identified as a predictive of a suicide attempt in both sexes. Environmental and social risk factors include owning a gun in the household, being homeless or funding in a corrections facility or group home, poor parent-child communication, social isolation, bullying and difficulties at school.Many emergency rooms are using the quint level triage classification systems called Emergency Severity Index Triage Algorithm. This takes into account not only the acuity of the patient but also the number of resources that will be required during the evaluation. A level 1 patient would require immediate life-saving intervention. A level 2 patient would be considered in the danger zone, and require emergent retirement. Level 3 patients need more the 1 resource, level 4 patients require 1 resource and level 5 patients require none.At the Childrens hospita l Boston, the use a screening tool that consists of 4 questions, Are you here because you tried to hurt yourself? In the past week, have you been having thoughts about killing yourself? see you ever tried to hurt yourself in the past other than this time? Has something very stressful happened to you in the past few weeks? If the patient answers yes to one or more of these questions they become characterized as SSI bevel 2, and the nurse would explain the policy on physical and chemical restraints which are only used as a last resort.Some strategies that nurses use to promote successful interactions with the patient and their family members include active listening, close observation of behavior, attending to non-verbal body language, asking open-ended questions, conveying a non-judgmental attitude, clarifying information, and providing support. The patients safety is always the greatest concern as well as the staffs safety. Family education is very important when working with s uicidal patients, because heir care is often managed at home.It is important for them to follow up with outpatient care, outpatient psychiatric support, and a home safety plan. Also, the nurse needs to let the family know if when they will need to seek emergency care again. This article has helped me gain a better understanding of the psychiatric patient, no matter the age, even though it focused on pediatrics. All these techniques can be used when dealing with suicidal patients. Our role as nurses plays an important role in managing our patients care while they are in our care and promoting their health y educating our patients and their families.

Food inc Essay

Food, Inc is a film that lets people in on the pabulum production in American. The film opens up in a grocery store, which has pictures of farmers giving you the idea that the intellectual nourishment you are going to purchase is farm raised. that the film calls it a pastoral fantasy. Even though people would like to believe that their sustenance is coming from a farm where that animal is raised the sic way that is not always the case. This film dug into certain aspects of food giving you the ins and outs on how all types of food is leavend.This film is not trying to lay level someone turn in to a vegetarian. It is simply trying to inform people how food production has changed oer the years. Something said in the film was that its not farming anymore, its just mass production. Chickens today are genetically modified to have larger breasts since the consumer preference is white meat. A destiny of these companies are injecting hormones in these animals to speed up the growth p rocess.Where before a chicken life span was around 80 days, with this hormone cosmos injected it knocks some 20 days off now. The faster the chicken grows, the more chicken can be stick at a faster rate. The chickens grow at such a fast rate that their bones and organs cant keep up with the rapid growth of the muscles, or the meat.Mention in the film is that McDonalds is one of the largest purchasers of ground beef, potatoes, pork, lettuce and tomatoes. Fast food nearly started with McDonalds. When they decided to make things easier their menu and hire employees that repeated one task over and over for minimum wage, the result was the fast food occurrence that cleaned the United States.Mention in the film Eating meat produced by the system. As enormous as people continue to eat meat that is not properly raised or properly killed we will continue to have the problem of how food is produced. The industry does not want you to know what you are eating. So they will sell you this dre am that everything is farm raised, when in reality their feeding cows lemon yellow that produces infections, giving chickens hormone injections to speed up growth process. on that points nothing farm raised about these tactics.Joe Salatin says Meet the need without comprising integrity. There are ways food can be produced without all of the extra stuff. Salatin does his farming and killing outside. People have tried to get him shut down saying the way he produced chicken was not sanitary, but yet other companied that do produce meat has had infected meat even with them being in a factory. People drove over 100 miles just to purchase Salatins chicken. This says a lot people do want feature produced food. The average farmer used to feed 6 to 8 people, now it is up to 126 people. If we had more farmers who practice Salatins techniques then we would be able to produce more.If there was not so much meat being produced then maybe people would not buy so much in teemingness and meat wou ld not have to be produce so fast and in large quantizes. People buy a lot because it is overly produce in my opinion. If food was not so readily available then maybe it would not be over consumed. As long as food is purchased in abundance companies will continue to produce food the way they do to keep up with how much food people are purchasing.

Love Vs Liking

Watson English Compare and Contrast Essay 9/24/2014 Loving Someone and Liking Someone The Comparison What is the contrast between loving someone and liking someone, or is there even a difference at all? Loving someone, or something, is to have a strong constant nerve for them that may include physical attraction depending on what relation the person is to you. Liking someone, or something, is to enjoy that person, or thing, and to finger affection for the arson in a friendly, or sometimes more than friendly, manner.Both to love and to like that person or thing mean to have affection for it, or them. They both mean that you enjoy and take pleasure in having that person or thing in your life. When you have affection meaning all loving or liking them, for someone then you conduct and possibly help them with the problems and baggage they bring along. Whether you like that person or you love them, you would do nearly anything for them, depending on the strength of your feelings.Altho ugh the two are similar in most aspects, they do differ in others. There are a hardly a(prenominal) different types of love and liking someone, one is meant for a partner in life and the other is meant for friends who might not last as long. When you like someone, you tolerate them for a short time until they do something to upset you. People you love will not be able to upset you as easily as those you like, and will treat you with consideration whereas friends and those you like, will think of mostly themselves and what they can get out f you.

Waiting for the phone call

The room is stuffy. It has a gaudy lino floor with pattern rubbed away in front of the sofa and round the table the walls ar damp and cluttered with old calendars and pictures torn from magazines. There is a rotten stench. The mantelpiece by the fireplace is filled with china ornaments big-eyed flop-eared rabbits and beribboned kittens and flowery milkmaids and a porcelain maam wearing a Victorian dress and her long, golden hair in two neat plaits. The room is silent except for the steady paced tick-tock from the ancient Grand-father clock.It is Dorothys birthday, twelfth August. She is hunched up on her old tacky sofa on an early August morning. Dorothy is startled by birdsong echoing across the tend extracurricular and, for a long time, she stares in confused remembrance towards where the swelling orange sun is burning the faded floral wallpaper across from her outmoded table.Its my birthday, she finally realises. Im s heretoforety- sixer today. Where did it go?Climbing painfu lly from a lumpy sofa, standing in a st right(a)d night dress by the window, Dorothy stares outside in her back garden. Theres much too be done. Later. Much later. These days its all weed killing, backache and sore bones.Its my birthday.Dorothys cat slithers past a glass not bad(p) wall and drops beside its shadow under an apple tree, stalking anxious sparrows. Under the impoverished birdhouse a mouse plays with a nibble of yesterdays bread. Shadows shrink in quick-witted shyness against all the garden fences and the last star melts into dawn rise. Theres heat in the breathless August day already.Dorothy sits in her kitchen. Silent. The house, holding its breath nigh her, the roof heavy and oven baked. Dorothys thick veined detention brush toast crumbs from the plastic tabletop and when she moves her faded dainty feet dust dances giddily on the sun conjoin carpet. She listens to the awakening of the new day the clock on the dresser ticks hurriedly and the letter box snaps awake .Dorothy walks to the hall and picks up bills and ads that promise discounts and holidays abroad, Dorothy has neer been out of England, never been on a plane. Her tired eyes examine the envelopes at arms length. There are no birthday cards to sigh oer Not even from her familyReturning to the familiar kitchen she slides a knife along her letters, slitting out the folded information. Its better than nothing. Even if the electricity is red and overdue At least, they keep in touch. No longer absorbed in her letter opening task Dorothy looks at the sunlight shining blindly on her glazed, brown teapot and then she pours some lukewarm tea. She sits and thinks about birthdays back then Cakes and drinks, songs and celebrations and her precious beloved family members spending time with her on her special day. Back when.Time flies, she says.Shes talking to herself most days who else leave alone listen? Up in the still shadowed parlour a clock chimes the hour and Dorothy rises tiredly an d prepares to face the day. She stumbles into the living room and looks up to the mantelpiece. No birthday cards Only a picture of her and her adorable grandchildren, Steven and chant. Her eyes close. She becomes delirious with dreamingCarol skipping up the lawn with a small straw basket, cream up little daisies and carefully placing them in the basket. Steven, being 2 years old, filling the bird house with crunchy treats awaiting the magpies to glide in. Dorothy is stood under the apple tree, tip-toeing up and grabbing fresh, ripe apples for her relatives. Carol and Steven run over to Dorothy and wrap their arms tightly around her as if they were to never let goDorothy smiles and wishes she could still feel their small hands around her waist, grabbing securely.She dresses and walks to the front door and checks the windows and the bolts and alls secure. When the night time house creaks with its own age, Dorothy thinks of burglars and imagined violations and trembles in case they invade her.Dorothy swings open the front door and sees Carol and Steven stands there, smiling like sunlight.Happy birthday GrandmotherNo longer astonished, Dorothy smiles back and sighs because they arent really there.Her head sinks and she wonders back to living room. She notices the phone on the table. She slides over to it. Gently picks it up to check if the dial tone is there she is reassured and drops it down. No phone calls. No phone messages. No birthday cards.She collapses into her tacky sofa. When she turns on the television the news assaults her soul. The world is littered with dead children and pain. The world has gone mad with cruelty and nobody seems to have noticed. It was different back in her day, when children could go out and play happily on the street without anybody worrying that someone would come abruptly attack them. Back when.She is startled by the sharp peal of the phone. Her heart is pounding could this be the phone call she has been waiting for all day? Is this her treasured family? She reaches over and clasps the phone. Hello? she asks waiting urgently for answer. Hello. My name is Abigail Taylor occupation on behalf of the woman replied. Dorothy slowly lowers the handset and replaces it back in the holder. She stands there paralysed. A tiny tear drop trickles down her wrinkly skin. She felt so much pain it was as if someone had stabbed her millions of times in the heart. What is the point of living if there is nobody who even knows you exist?The Grandfather clock strikes six in the evening. She strolls back to the photo of her with her grandchildren. Dorothy bursts out in tears her eyes sore and red and waterfalls of tears flowing down her face. She picks up the photo and holds it against her broken heart. Dorothy still hopes to get that special phone call from her much-loved grandchildren.

History of District Nursing in Australia Essay

District nurses argon those senior nurses who are involved in managing awe in a community by leading teams of twain support drillers and community nurses. This particular paper talks about the muniment of district care for since its emergence in England over one hundred and fifty courses ago. It then discusses the progress of district nurse in other countries, in this case, Australia. nurse potentiometer be defined as a science and an art with an exceptional body of companionship drawing from behavioral, physical, and social sciences (Funnel et al, 2005, p. ). It is a profession that is unique in its own way because it addresses families and individuals responses to health problems, health maintenance, as well as health promotion. Over one hundred years ago, nursing was defined by Florence nightingale as the act of making use of a patients environment in a bid to helping that particular patient recover. To drive on for quick recovery, she considered a clean, quiet, and we ll ventilated environment as very essential. nursing helps in facilitation of prescribed therapy, assists patients to be independent of assistance, and also help the patients to intention to their maximum potential as soon as possible. Various themes have been associated with the definition of nursing. Some describe nursing as an art, as a science, that nursing is about caring, it is holistic, that it is client oriented, adaptive, and that nursing is gener entirelyy a helping profession. The historical accounts of the profession clearly bring out the revolving nature of nursing.The word nurse was derived from a Latin word which means to cherish or nourish. In a human beings life, birth, death, sickness, and injury are all very common. on that point has therefore always been that need to take care of others, e particularly those in need. Funnel et al state that roughly of the earliest and most organized nursing carried out by men who worked in hospitals which were established by m ilitary religious orders at the period the crusades. Some examples included the knights of St. Lazarus, and the Knights of St.John of Jerusalem. Henry VIII, during the one-sixteenth century, commanded the closure of English monasteries and the confiscation of their wealth as well. What this meant was that all the sick and destitute people had no where to stay and were hence left to die. This then axiom the construction of work houses which were use to house the hapless and especially the sick. Here they lived in very bad conditions and were at the same time required to work in order to earn their continued stay there.Conditions in London got to a very desperate state, and after many petitions from the citizens, Henry VIII had no option but to allow for the re-founding of some hospitals analogous St Marys, St Thomass, as well as St Bartholomews. These hospitals despite their reopening were very poorly staffed and were characterized by ferocious workers whose characters were very poor. Patients who were admitted in these hospitals lived under appalling conditions in overcrowded wards Funnel et al add that the early 18th and mid 19th century came to be termed as nursing Dark Ages of nursing.It was an age where caring of the sick and nurses status reached to the lowest levels ever imaginable (5). A clergyman named Theodor Fliedner in 1836 founded the institution Kaiserwerth where they learn specially chosen women as deaconesses. The institution was then to be famous for its high standards and levels of instruct as well as the care given to the sick. The institution then grew very famous and finally became the centre for training nurses and as a result received very many trainees, and from all parts of the world.Some of these trainees posterior opened up centers in their respective countries. Modern nursing has hence evolved as a result of the influence Kaiserwerth had on individuals like Florence Nightingle. She had spent deuce weeks at Kaiserwerth in 1850 and later visited the institution again in 1851 and was named Superintendent for Establishment for Gentlewomen during Illness. She became famous when she took with her a team of thirty nurses to Scutari where they were met with a lot of metro from medics who refused them to take care of the sick and injured soldiers.She except did not give up and devoted her time and energy to improving bad conditions in the camps through with(predicate) the introduction of communal as well as personal hygiene, organization of excellent food supply, getting hold of medical supplies, and basic sanitary conditions like washing of hands and also the importance of fresh air. In a span of two to three weeks, the opposition she had earlier faced was no more than and the nurses were then called back to come and take care of the sick.Florence Nightingle was viewed as an idol by the soldiers because she brought hope and comfort to the sick just by the light of the lamp she used t carry at night, hence s he was later came to be known as the Lady of the Lamp. In the case of Australia, very little interest was compensable for the care of the sick when the original English colony was established at Sydney Cove. In 1811, Sydney hospital was opened and the staff included of fe young-begetting(prenominal) convicts with some male convicts also carrying out nursing duties.They were however received no wages for the labor they offered although they received their keep. The nurses behavior here was wanting and they were known to be of poor character with them being drunk in most cases while on duty. In 1811, Australia opened its first lunatic asylum and it was characterized by untrained moral attendants. As a way of control, huge numbers of disturbed individuals were literally restrained because most of the staff were custodians and there was no emphasis whatsoever on treatment (Funnel et al, 2005, p. 5).In 1838, the first group of trained nurses arrived in Sydney. They were five in number. The influence of Nightingale was experienced in 1868. The principles of Nightingale were gradually suitable and the physically ill could now be cared for. Nurses were not left behind either. Practical skills were taught to them such as those of leeching, dressing, as well as administering enemas. Emphasis was however put on their punctuality, sexual purity, cleanliness, and most importantly obedience. A huge percentage of nursing comprised of housekeeping, and was dominated by house hold work.It was however acknowledge that com go acrossion and also dignity were characteristics that were desirable for all those who took care of the sick. The necessity for nurses training in Australia grew as scientific advances continued to be made. By the year 1900, most of the Australian hospitals had a three year training program for student nurses where lectures were delivered by the medical staff. The students could not however maintain their concentration in class as a result of long hours of work.IN the wake of the twentieth century, conflict would arise whether nursing should be viewed as a vocation, pendant to medicine, or as a profession which is different but of equal status with medicine. (Funnel et al, 2005, p. 6) add that in the year 1867, an Act of Parliament was passed which stated that all individuals displaying signs of mental impairments should be sent to mental asylums and not prisons. As a result, the developmentally disabled were then able to be separated from the mentally ill.Nursing in these mental asylums was delivered mostly by male attendants, and even though care remained and continued to be custodial, the medical staff was able to offer some lectures to these attendants. This is the period in which female attendants begun receiving serious considerations. As the increase in training of nurses continued to increase, so was the agitation for nurses registration. In 1920, South Australia was the first of the states to pass the relevant legislation followed by Western Australia in 1922 and Victoria and New South Wales in 1924.Industrial issues emerged as the sense of professionalism emerged among nurses. In 1924, the Australian Nursing Federation was able to hold its first meeting and the meting addressed several issues including the improved working conditions, improved wages, and the need for greater professional acknowledgment. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (1986), home nursing in Australia started in 1885 when a group of concerned nationals came together in Victoria and founded the Melbourne District Nursing Service. The main mark of the group was to look after the underprivileged sick people at home.Since then, nursing services have been seen to spread to every territory and state. Today, there are more than two hundred institutions using modern technology to take care of the sick and at the same time offer both popular and specialized nursing services to the citizens of Australia. Australian Bureau of Statistics states that the link with district nurses from England is apparent in the growth of nursing institutes in Australia. In England, nurses begun to be trained for work districts in 1848. One, Mr. William Rathborne, in 1859, dictum the need to provide a nurse who was meant to work amongst the poor in Liverpool.He later founded a training school for district nurses using his own personal finances. These nurses were not only seen as caring but also as social reformers due to their knowledge and also direct contact they established with those they cared for. During Queen Victorias Jubilee Year in 1887, some of the funds collected for her gift were given by the queen for the setting up of Queen Victorias Jubilee Institute of Nurses. Throughout England for many years, the establishment facilitated both the employment and training of district nurses.A considerable number of district nurses also came to undertake this particular training program. The relevant information regardi ng district nursing services was brought to Australia by Dr. Caffyn and Rev. C. Strong who were from England. They were both very instrumental when it came to setting up the first home nursing in Australia which was known as the Melbourne District Nursing Society (204). According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the first State to introduce a district nursing service in Australia was that of Victoria in 1885.It was then followed by South Australia in the year 1894, then came Tasmania in 1896, New South Wales, Queensland, and Western Australia in 1900, 1904, and 1905 respectively. One notable nursing service was the Blue Nursing Service. According to the history of Blue care, Blue care started off being known as the Blue Nursing Services. The service came to be through the vision and urgings of Rev. Arthur Preston, who was the founder. There was a great shortage of hospital beds in Australia and the nursing bodies that were in existence then were not able to cope with the dema nds of an ever growing population.This was the reason the founders saw the need to establish a new home nursing service to cater for this rising need. In 1977, together with the Methodist and Presbyterian churches, Blue Nursing was seen as a uniting factor in Australia. It is evident from the history of district nursing that the establishment of all nursing organizations was triggered by identified health care needs present in the society. At fist, focus was mainly at the poor, disadvantaged, and the sick. Services were however later made accessible to everyone in society.This was attributed to the government started publication subsidies to most of these organizations. Nursing institutions today operate in very different structures and also under different support like voluntary bodies, local government, and hospitals. At the same time, nurses working in these organizations share one common goal and commitment that of providing quality care in the society. There has been new deman d on those nurses working in the society caused by the increased development of both technological and medical services.This has its results as people are now being action from hospitals earlier and also at a more accurate stage of sickness. Nurses have been forced to further and upgrade their current education so that they can keep up with helping and providing quality care to the community. For Australia, district nursing is a record of success. Realizing their extended roles as nurses which are based on their expertise, experience, as well as knowledge is crucial if at all effectiveness is to be maintained in delivery of their services.

Religious and Ethnic Groups Essay

Buddhism is a religious conclave as depicted from the worlds history that began in the 6th century BCE, in todays Northern India. Buddhism was founded by a wealthy man of Indian dysentery c eached Siddhartha Gautama. Siddhartha Gautamas main concern was to teach people how to realize bully spiritual development. These teachings focus on areas like tradition/customs, beliefs, ethics, meditation and philosophy and making people more enlightened Buddha means to awaken. To the religious convocation boast of a huge following of about 300million across the world including 0.7 percent of U. S. As religious composition found on U. Ss Census Bureau Document (Seager, 2012). Buddhism is a religious group that differs broadly from other groups in America. The difference is eminent in the room they carry out various practice. Some examples are worship, beliefs, husbandry, doctrines, and in other routine practices. Buddhism, contrasted other religious groups, believes in the existence of on ly unrivaled Supreme Being God. In contrast to most groups, Buddhism spirituality is of personal discipline rather than faith in God.A make out of differences may be present when attempting to draw a comparison between Buddhism and the other religious groups in America. Buddhists Experience in America Buddhism has received its bonny deal of mixed reception from other religious avenue. Some people gravel good perception and understand their teachings seek to uphold good morality and values. Buddhism also seeks a harmonious co-existence with other people in clubhouse even if they are not practicing the same religion.Others have perceived them as having a bizarre view deeming its operation as being mysterious. Buddhism is unique in conducting their routine religious practices and beliefs. Some religious groups have upheld Buddhism, not as a religion but merely a philosophy (Seager, 2012). They have even incorporated some practices like meditation as an art of realization sensibl e and emotional well being as yoga in pursuit of reliving off stress. They have also sorted in some Buddhism cultural subdivision and used them to perfect their own religions.Contribution and Discrimination of Buddhism Historically in American culture Buddhism has contributed adversely in development of Americas culture. galore(postnominal) Buddhists doctrine and daily routine practices are borrowed and used to blend Americas culture. Example of such practice teachings of how people perceive life and attitude, changed Buddhism has mentored vast Americas scientists and philosophers (Seager, 2012). They borrow ideas from Buddhism teachings. Some of the ways in which Buddhism is practiced in America include stress reduction treatment.In addition, famous movies and songs based on Buddhism, such as Seven Years in Tibet, Little Buddha, The Matrix, and Star Wars, has helped the advertisement industry. Another instance is the Master Card commercial that shows an sign of Woman Meditating . There is an increasing number of Americans who visit the Buddhist temples and also practice meditation in privacy. Buddhist Fellowship organization is a very(prenominal) large group that promotes peace, environmental advocacy, and conducts homeless and prison outreach.Buddhism has experienced discrimination minimally compared to other religious groups. Discrimination happens within its own religion and culture primarily against Buddhist women. All Buddhist women are ordained to follow laws and disciplines such as bhikkhunis. However, Buddhist nuns have come together to fight for their rights. The starting time of this prejudice was because the Buddhist nuns have increased in number and they want to eliminate them from the religion. Buddhism has helped me learn about meditation which can be used in reducing stress and as a way of relaxing.Asian Ethnic Group The Asian American comprises of a 5% of the American population (Espiritu, 2011). In the recent years, the Asian ethnic grou p is considered among the fastest growing group in America. The Americans refer to subgroups such as the Chinese, Filipino, Indians, Koreans, Japanese and Vietnamese. Most Asian Americans were born(p) in America while others have been the immigrants who have settled in America. Asian differs from the other ethnic groups because from history Asians have continued to follow their religions, unlike many other groups.The Asian Americans are known for their diligence, strong family values and their respect for education, authority, and discipline unlike any other ethnic group in America. Asian American Contribution and Discrimination The Asian American has contributed greatly in the formation of American society. These contributions include constructions of railway, joining the military and protecting the Americans. Asians have also contributed in creating internet sites such as youtube and yahoo. The Asians have influenced other areas like fashion, religion, science and culture.For ins tance, the kung fu culture of the Chinese is greatly employed in Hollywood while creating action movies. Acts of discrimination towards Asian Americans in America are similar to other minority group. This racial discrimination bars the Asian American from participating in politics (Espiritu, 2011). The reason Asian Americans are discriminated against is Americans consider them foreigners. In conclusion, Buddhism is an Asian practice which the Asian have practiced almost all their lives, but this practice came to be known only in recent years.Discrimination of Asian Americans means that their religion, cultures, and practices are discriminated against. Buddhism is different from Asian Ethnic group because Buddhism is a practice done by the Asian communities. Discrimination should never be practiced in America because America is a multicultural society and the majority of people in America are citizens by birth. References Espiritu, Y. L. (2011). Asian American pan ethnicity Bridging institutions and identities. Philadelphia Temple University Press. Seager, R. H. (2012). Buddhism in America. New York Columbia University Press.

Factors Affecting Customer Loyalty on Banking Service

Factors Affecting client Loyalty on Banking go A case of Hong Kong Shanghai Bank commercial message in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Dec 22, 2011 0 263 pic picpicFACTORS AFFECTING CUSTOMER LOYALTY ON BANKING SERVICE A CASE OF HONG KONG SHANGHAI BANK commercial-grade IN HO MINH CHI CITY, VIETNAM Related Articles Luxury Travel Vietnams Tour Featured in Indonesia Travel Magazine Corporate globalization and human rights abuses in the sweatshops of pakistan, indonesia and vietnam M1 Carbine Communications In Iran Bui Thanh PhongGraduate nurture of Business, Assumption University ABTRACT This study examines the relationship amidst selected factors (brand image, knowledge, comprehend serve gratification, perceived warmness table benefit reference, kindly envision and br another(prenominal)ly pouffe) and node loyalty of HSBC in Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam. The investigator surveyed on 400 moveents who had experience to use HSBC banking helpings. The sampling procedure used b rain sampling and convenience sampling. The investigateer used the Pearson Correlation analysis tool on this research.Descriptive statistic was used to provide the mean and percentage of demographic characteristic and new(prenominal) variables of study. Result indicated that brand image, friendship and perceived go satisfaction does play a mediating role in the effect of client loyalty in banking advantage. The bear of a number of demographic exponents on guest loyalty are also reported. INTRODUCTION Loyalty factor is experienceed as key value of marketing strategy in the banking service and others (Kotler, 2004). It also helps bank to gain the net and reduce marketing cost.In previous times, many banking run are aware of date brand image, service quality and customer satisfaction which are accepted as a key determinant of customer loyalty (Payne, 1993). The customers are stark to attract and difficult to retain because it is not relatively easy for customers to switch their traditional service providers (Philip, 2002). Loyalty factors are an organizations most reliable success indicator (Zeithaml and Bitner, 1996). Also, this ontogenyd customer loyalty tin can help lower marketing costs, solicit more customers, and effectively operate trading leverages (Aaker, 1997).Additionally, the loyalty customers become an index concept for the service can be defined providing confirming word-of-m a fashionh, recommendation the service to other, encouraging others to use service and defending the service provider and open higher corporate profits (Reichheld et al. 2000). As the market becomes more competitive advantage, many companies recognized the importance of retaining current customers and put one across some initiated variety of activities to ameliorate customer loyalty (Rosalind and Audrey, 2007).Faced with this situation, some service providers have considered to the quality standards in their business such as ISO 9001. Actually, the service providers can get the big profit from those standards and loyalty customers. Any service industries are banking, restaurant, hotel, beauty the service encounter satisfaction is really considered as a core value to affect and take note the loyalty customers. 1. To study of the real relationship amid friendship and customer loyalty. 2. To running play the relationship in the midst of brand image and customer loyalty. 3.To find out the significant relationship amidst service encounter satisfaction and customer loyalty. 4. To establish an pinch of the significant relationship amidst perceived core service and service counter satisfaction. 5. To analyze the significant relationship between societal consider and perceived core service. 6. To determine the significant relationship between social comfort and perceived core service. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to develop and implement a method for banking service to identify attributes that will adjoin custome r loyalty.The researcher will determine pendant/ single-handed variables whether or there are relationship between the factors below. The researcher would try to explain wherefore customers have loyalty with HSBC bank. This is sextet objectives the researcher would try to study the relationship between the factors effect to customer loyalty. LITERATURE REVIEW Customer Loyalty Customer Loyalty is a customer who will re corrupt from the same service provider whenever possible, and who continue to recommend or maintains a cocksure attitude towards the service provider.The loyal customers are less likely to switch because of price and they make more purchases than similar non-loyal customers (Reichheld and Sasser, 1990). Loyalty customers will also help to promote and region knowledge with their friends about the service provider. They will provide strong word-of-mouth, create business referrals, provide references and serve on advisory boards. The loyal customers are served as a fantastic marketing force by providing recommendations and spreading positive word-of-mouth, those partnership-like activities are the most available advertising that the confederation can get (Raman, 1999).Loyal customers increase sale volume by purchasing a wider variety of the products and by making more frequent purchases. The loyal customers had more purchasing operate than non-loyal customers (Bowen and Shoemaker, 1998). And other researchers have theorized that service encounter satisfaction, customer loyalty and profitability are related (Zeithaml et al. 1996). Service Encounter happiness Traditional way described the service encounter satisfaction as the fundamental interaction occurs between customer-contact employees and the customers and it has been frequently discussed in the marketing literature (Bitner et al. 1990). Also, the service encounter is the dyadic interaction between a customer and service provider (Surprenant and Solomon, 1987). It has also been modeled to impact long-term customer relationships as easily as all overall satisfaction. Service Encounter rejoicing is distinguished from overall satisfaction and it has been defined as dis/satisfaction with a service encounter (Bitner and Hbbert, 1994). Additionally, customer relationships are built and destroyed which based on service encounter in a time and any service providers can be tiny to the service outcome (Stern et al. 998). It is the degree of overall delight or contentment felt by the customers, the results from ability of the service fulfilled the customers desires, expectations and customers necessarily in relation to the service (Philip, 2002). Service performance takes place in what has been termed the service encounter the time frame during which consumers directly interact with service providers (Czepiel et al. 1985). All element of an encounter activities such as the facility, waiting times, and service violence are considered service encounter Brand ImageVariou s definitions of a brand appeared in the marketing literature. The brand as a name, term, sign, symbol or design or combination of them, which is intended to identify the bests of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors (Kotler, 2004). The new business start, the marketer designs business card, company website, name, logo to project a sort out message of company to their stakeholders and customers that is a merger and equal. According to Lafley (2009) interpreted that We continue to invest in our core strengths.Firstly, we dont skimp on understanding the customer. Second is innovation. Thirdly is Brand Image Were delivering more messages to our customers. In order to be successful, images and symbols must relate to, and indeed, exploit, the needs, values and life-styles of consumers in such a way that the meanings involved give added values, and differentiate from this brand to other brands (Broadbent and Cooper, 1987). From this statem ent, the researcher can recognize the definitive of brand image and brand identity to affect with service providers and organizations.The customer loyalty is often viewed as resulting from brand knowledge, followed brand image that PR also raise consumer loyalty trough the above strategies (Keller, 1999). In addition, the self-congruence system states that the ways consumers evaluate products to match with their self-image (Belk, 1988 and Sirgy, 1982). advanceder congruence between self-image and product image would influence consumer attitudes or behavior regarding brand preference, brand attitude, product purchase decisions, customer satisfaction, and repurchase intention (Graeff, 1996 and Sirgy, 1985). companionship The customers perceptions of social closeness are service employee as evidence of the degree of familiarity, self- disclosure and rapport (Gremler, 1995). Loyalty can be increase by means ofout personal friendship (Kokko and Moilanen, 1997). Two relational outcome s are considered to mate with friendship to be comfort and respect (Argyle, 1992). At currently, friends can be distinguished such as online friends, offline friends, old high school friends, workmates, organization, family and people met at parties.The modern abstractization of friendship as essentially personal, private, voluntary, un-specialized, informal, and non-contractual echoes our cultures ample strain on relationships in the intimate sphere, especially love relationships (Taylor, 1991). There is a relationship between friendship and organization. The most important for this foundation is acknowledged improvement as the basis for one type of friendship, fundamental in some respects, but the traditional way has the most limited or underdevelopedReceived Core Service Quality Perceived core service quality is quality products or services which are provided by the company. it offers to exceed the customer expectations. In recent study, service quality is considered from the view point of the customer who is estimated of the service external customer and the efforts have focused on identifying of external service encounter factors, the customers will consider in evaluating the quality of service providers. Customer satisfaction is also important element of marketing strategies.Zeithaml (1998) defined that the perceived service quality is measured by customer awareness and the consumers assess of the overall excellent products or services. Zahorik and Rust (1992) found that the modeling of perceived quality directly influences to customer loyalty and provides more diagnostic abilities. Furthermore, the perceived service quality is the best model to impact customer retention and behavior intentions (Hennig and Klee, 1997). The subject of service quality has been studied and debated over the past dickens decades.The importance of managements ability is understand how service quality and appropriately measurement, the subsequent actions make improvemen ts and increase value to customer expectations (Asubonteng et al. 1996). Looking through a financial perspective, the success of activities carried out by sports organizations is closely associated with the quality of services offered to customers and making sure customers get highest level of satisfaction from such services (Kotler, 2004).In terms of effective management it is the great importance to understand what the customer thinks about service quality offered by the organization (Rust and Oliver, 2000). sociable Regard Social regard defined as making the customers feel important and took an interesting and respecting to the customer (Barnes, 1997). Additionally, some empirical evidence indicated that actions closely related to social regard which increases the relationship strength (Barnes, 1997).When the customers perceived that the employees take care of them, or respect them the relationship strength increases. The social constructivist therapeutic orientations focus on th e way in which people and society created (rather than discover) constructions of reality (Roberts et al. 2003). Previous study has been especially focused on analyzing the effect of customer-oriented behaviors, the social aspects of the interaction between the service provider and the customers have been somewhat neglected (Kelley and Hoffman, 1997).Social regard has been defined as the genuine respect, deference, and interest shown to the customer by the service provider, such that the customer feels valued or important in the social interaction (Butcher et al. , 2001). Social regard is considered to special elements for services and industry because they have high level of customer contact, and this concept will be relatively untapped by researcher. Social Comfort Social comfort is defined as the customers feeling of anxiety or relaxation arising from the social interaction with an individual service employee.The customers feel much comfortable to be one example of a satisfacto ry service experience (Argyle, 1992). If the salesperson clicked with the customer at the initial contact, then this was the prompt to consider establishing a relationship (Beatty et al, 1996). Customer rapport was found to be associated with overall satisfaction, repurchase intentions and word-of-mouth (Gwinner, 1998). It is thus anticipate that the conceptualization of social comfort may have either a direct or indirect path to loyalty. Figure 1 Conceptual model Friendship Service Encounter Satisfaction Perceived Core Service QualitySocial Regard Customer Loyalty Brand Image Social comfort H1 H2 H5 H3 H4 H6 From this conceptual framework, there are 6 independent variables, which are friendship, brand image, service encounter satisfaction, perceived core service quality, social regard and social comfort. The dependent variable is customer loyalty. The researcher finds out that 6 independent variables effect on dependent variable (customer loyalty). Overall, the relationship betw een dependent and 6 independent variables are developed to adapt the objective of this study.Therefore this study hypothesized six statements in investigating their relationship as follows H1 There is significant relationship between Friendship and Customer Loyalty. H2 There is significant relationship between Brand Image and Customer Loyalty. H3 There is significant relationship between Service Encounter Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty. H4 There is significant relationship between Perceived Core Service Quality and Service Encounter Satisfaction. H5 There is significant relationship between Social Regard and Perceived Core Service Quality.H6 There is significant relationship between Social Comfort and Perceived Core Service Quality. methodological analysis The proposed descriptive research was applied to this study as its aim is to describe be the characteristics of a population or phenomenon (Zikmund, 2003). It also seeks to determine the answer to who, what, when, where, and ho w forefronts. inessential data is taken from any source such as business journal, internet, marketing book, newspaperPrimary data was collected by distributing questionnaires to customers of the electrical company who were selected by convenience sampling.Data Collection The target group of this study is both female and male customers who lived and had an experienced service of the HSBC in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The researcher will collect the data from all 8 branches of HSBC on 5 districts District 1, District 7, District 11, Phu Nhuan District and Tan Binh District. The customers of HSBC who will be elect for the study are willing to cooperate by responding to the questionnaire for this study. The sample size was 400 respondents. Five-point Likert scales were applied for the dependent and independent variables part.In the first part is screening question, two questions are asked to choose correct respondents. The second part was dependent variable to measure perception of cu stomer loyalty of HSBC in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The tierce part, brand image, friendship, service encounter satisfaction, received core service quality, social comfort and social regard were designed for measuring. The final part is demographic factors question such as age, gender, education level and nationality. FINDINGS The table indicates majority of all respondents were male with 63%, nationality is Vietnamese (95. %) and most of respondent has age from 18-30 years old. For the income monthly is about 5,000,000vnd 10,000,000vnd to be about 28. 3%. And education level highest percentage is under-graduate degree with 50. 9%. The first hypothesis, which predict that friendship would be low positive correlativity relationship to customer loyalty, was supported (r = . 322, p< . 001). Support was found for the second hypothesis, which predicted that there was a low positive correlativity relationship between brand image and customer loyalty (r = 260, p< . 001). The third hypothesis predicted that he service encounter satisfaction would be low positive correlativity relationship to customer loyalty (r = . 319, p< . 001). In addition, the cardinalth hypothesis, there would be low positive correlation relationship between received core service quality and service encounter satisfaction (r = . 350, p < . 001). Moreover, the fifth hypothesis predicted that, there would be low positive correlation relationship between social regard and received core service quality (r = 0. 207, p< . 001). Finally, a low positive correlation relationship was found between social comfort and received core service quality (r = 157, p< . 01). In conclusion, all the hypothesis of this study was supported which found the low positive correlation relationship between variable. picpicDISCUSSION The result of hypothesis one showed that the friendship has positive significant effects on customer loyalty, as the null hypothesis was rejected. found on this finding, it in dicated that a friendship effected customer loyalty toward HSBC in Ho Chi Minh City. The result of the hypothesis was supported that the personal friendship between customer and individual service employee has been modelled to influence customer loyalty (Bove and Johnson, 2000).Also, the loyalty can be increased through personal friendship (Price and Arnould, 1999). The client employee friendship was positive correlation with customer loyalty (Kokko and Moilanen, 1997). From the result of this hypothesis testing, the researcher also found positive significant relationship between friendship and customer loyalty. This result leads to prove that higher loyalty increase or create friendship between HSBC and its customers. The result of hypothesis two showed that the brand image has significant effects on customer loyalty, as the null hypothesis was rejected.Based on this finding, it is proven that the brand image effected customer loyalty toward HSBC in Ho Chi Minh City. According to K ellers (1993) study, the researcher found similar result in his study. He found that the customer loyalty is often viewed as resulting from brand knowledge. In this study, the researcher found that there is positive significant relationship between brand image and customer loyalty. Customer Loyalty can be increased by brand image and brand image can promote the services or products of banking which may lead to believe or create desire toward HSBC.Based on the result of hypothesis three, the service encounter satisfaction has significant effects on customer loyalty, as the null hypothesis was rejected. According to this finding, it can be interpreted that the service encounter satisfaction effected customer loyalty toward HSBC in Ho Chi Minh City. Therefore, service encounter satisfaction is a key measuring factor for customer loyalty which may be a useful measuring method to predict customer concept of products and services in every industry.It was also supported by Browns (1996) w ho concluded that the service encounter satisfaction has also been modelled to impact long-term customer relationship, as well as overall satisfaction. Jason (2005) also found the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty. Meanwhile, the result of hypothesis testing for hypothesis three also showed that the correlation between those two variables is positive. The perceived quality is very important to customer satisfaction. In this study, the research also indicated that perceived quality directly impacts on customer loyalty (Phillip, 2002).Satisfaction of the customer leads to the customer to re-use the bank service in the future. Consequently, after repeated use of more than 3 times, the loyalty of customer is well ceremonious in customers mind. On banking service or other service, satisfaction is considered as the main litmus test to improve customer loyalty. The result of hypothesis four showed the perceived core service quality has significant effect on service en counter satisfaction, as the null hypothesis was rejected. Based on this finding, it is clear that the perceived core service quality effected service encounter satisfaction toward HSBC in Ho Chi Minh City.This research empirically examined the role between perceived core service quality and service encounter satisfaction. This study tested the relationship between perceived core service quality and service encounter satisfaction as a concept and found the relationship, as well as data from a sample survey of 400 banking sell customers in their evaluation of their banking experiences to address this issue. Additionally, the perceived service quality and customer orientation are directly influenced to service satisfaction, the service encounter satisfaction (Cronin and Brady, 2000).Based on the result of hypothesis five, the social regard has significant effects on perceived core service quality, since the null hypothesis was rejected. Consequently, it indicated that the social rega rd effects perceived core service quality toward HSBC in Ho Chi Minh City, which was similar to the research result of Butcher et al. (2001). He indicated the importance of social regard effects in the service encounter in making the customers feels valued or important in the social interaction.According to the result of hypothesis six, the social comfort has significant effects on perceived core service quality, because the null hypothesis was rejected. Based on this finding, it has been proved that the social comfort effects perceived core service quality toward HSBC in Ho Chi Minh City. The specific relationship between friendship, social regard, social comfort, value for money, service encounter satisfaction perceived core service quality and customer loyalty were established in banking service (Butcher et al. 2001).The social comfort can lead the service quality in long-term process, the social comfort directly influences the perceived core service quality and ensure customer s atisfaction (Pavlou, 2003). CONCLUSIONS Based on the research objective, the researcher studied the factors that may affect customer loyalty in case of HSBC in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It showed that there are low positive correlation relationship between dependent variables (customer loyalty) and independent variables of brand image, friendship, service encounter satisfaction, perceived core service quality, social regard, social comfort.Data were collected from a total of 400 respondents who have had experience of using HSBC service. From the result of demographic factors on gender, age, education level, income, the researcher discovered that the majority of HSBC customers are male, Vietnamese, aged between 18 and 30 years old, with under-graduate education level, who have monthly income between 5,000,000vnd-10,000,000vnd. For hypothesis testing, the data were analyzed by using SPSS (statistical package of social science) to test six hypothesis.The researcher used Pearson Correl ation analysis to investigate the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. The results of the hypothesis testing showed that null hypotheses one, two, three, four, five and six were rejected signaling that there were a positive significant relationship between dependent variable and independent variables. Table 1 Demographic visibleness of Respondents _____________________________________________________________________________ N Percentages (%)Gender Male 254 63. 5 Female 146 36. 5 Age 18 or less 13 3. 3 18-30 225 56. 3 31-40 153 38. 3 41-60 9 2. 3 Income in vnd ,000,000 or less 54 13. 5 5,000,000 10,000,000 114 28. 5 10,000,000 15,000,000 63 15. 8 15,000,000 20,000,000 56 14. 0 More than 20,000,000 113 28. 2 Education Level High school graduate or less 98 24. 5 Undergraduate Degree 205 51. 2 Graduate degree 83 20. Doctors Degree 14 3. 5 RECOMMENDATIONS In contrast to the loyalty th at the customers do not complain when satisfied with the products and services compared to their wishes, customer loyalty is seen as an asset of the banking business that the marketer needs to create satisfied customers to enhance customer loyalty in their businesses. The HSBC management teams must understand that in order to achieve success and generate harvest-feast in business, they have to invest and trade based on needs and wants of customer as the main goal.Research on customer loyalty could be great of help to the bank to reach and resolve their marketing issue. Thereby, HSBC could have concrete results of the evaluation by customers comment on their product or service so that they could supply and serve to people in Ho Chi Minh City. Friendship can be impressive on customers to make them feel very comfortable, because it make them feel relaxed and familiar in more ways than customers expected. It suggested that the management team may train their employees to special traini ng service program where they will peck to practice friendly dealing with the customers.The customer service department of HSBC to improve the service encounter, the management team should train their employees and let them understand the important of customer loyalty and its advantage to the bank. The HSBC management teams may improve their service quality in order to improve customer satisfaction. The managers may train their employees on how to respond or answer customer questions and know how to treat customers REFERENCE Aaker, J. L. (1997). Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of merchandise Research, 34(3), 347-357. Argyle, M. (1992). Social relationship, in Hewstone, M. , Stroebe, W. Codol, J. P. and Stephenson G. M (Eds). Introduction to Social Psychology, Blackwell, Oxford, 222-240. Asubonteng, P. , McCleary, K. J. , Swan, J. E. (1996). SERVQUAL revisited a critical review of service quality. The Journal of Services Marketing, 10(6), 62-81. Belk, R. (1988). Possessio ns and the extended self. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(1),139-169. Barnes, J. G. (1997). Closeness, strength, and satisfaction examining the nature of relationships between providers of financial services and their retail customers. Psychology and Marketing, 14(8), 765-790. Beatty, S. E. , Mayer, M. Coleman, J. E. , Reynolds, K. E. and Lee, J. (1996). Customer-sales associate retail relationships. Journal of Retailing, 72(3), 223-247. Bitner, M. J. , Booms, B. H. and Tetreault, M. S. (1990). The service encounter. Diagnosing favorable and unfavorable incident. Journal of Marketing, 54, January, 71-84. Bitner, M. J. , Hubbert, A. R. (1994). Encounter satisfaction versus overall satisfaction versus quality the customer voice. New Directions in Theory and Practice, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, 72-79. Bove, L. L. , Johnson, L. W. (2000). A customer-service worker relationship model.International Journal of Service Industries Management, Vol. 11 No. 5, pp. 491-511. Bowen, J. , Shoemaker, S. (1998). The antecedents and consequences of customer loyalty. Cornell Hotel Restaurant and Administration Quarterly, 39(1), 12-25. Broadbent, K. , Cooper, P. (1987). Research is good for you. Marketing Intelligence Planning, 5(1), 3-9. Brown, M. (1996). Environmental auditing and the hotel industry an accountants perspective, in Seaton, A. V. (Ed. ). Tourism The State of the Art, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester. Butcher, K. , Sparks, B. , & OCallaghan, F. (2001).Evaluate and relational influences on service quality. International Journal of Service application Management, 12(3/4), 310-327. Cronin, J. J. , Brady, M. K. (2000). Assessing the effects of quality, value, and customer satisfaction on customer behavioral intentions in service environments. Journal of Retailing, 76(2), 193-218. Czepiel, J. A. , Solomon, M. R. , Surprenant, C. F. , Guttman, E. G. (1985). Service encounters an overview, in Czepiel, J. A. , Solomon, M. R. and Surprenant, C. F. (Eds). The Service Encounter, Lexington Books, Lexington, MA, 3-16. Graeff, T. R. (1996).Using promotional messages to manage the effects of brand and self-image on brand evaluation. The Journal of Consumer Marketing, 13(3), 4-18. Gremler, D. D. (1995). The effect of satisfaction, switching costs, and interpersonal bonds on service quality. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. Gwinner, K. P (1998). relative benefits in services industries the customers perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing acquaintance, 26(2), 101-114. Hennig-Thrau, T. , & Klee, A. (1997). The impact of customer satisfaction and relationship quality on customer retention a critical reassessment and model development.Psychology and Marketing, 14(8), 737-764. Jason, M. C. (2005). Consumer shopping value, satisfaction, and loyalty for retail apparel brands. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 9(3), 256-269. Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing , measuring, and managing cu stomer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1-22. Keller, K. L. (1999). Managing brands for the long run brand reinforcement and revitalization strategies. California Management Review, 41(3), 102-124. Kelley, S. W. , & Hoffman, K. D. (1997). An investigation of positive affect, prosocial behaviours and service quality.Journal of Retailing, 73(3), 407-427. Kokko, T. , & Moilanen, T. (1997). Personalisation of services as a stool for more developed buyer-seller interactions. International Journal of hospitality Management, 16(3), 297-304. Kotler, P. (2004). Principle of Marketing , Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. Lafley, A. G. (2009). Designing Brand Identity (3rd ed), Anlia Wheeler, An essential guide for the whole branding team, Wiley. Mefford, R. N. (1993). Improving service quality acquisition from manufacturing. International Journal of Production Economic, 80(1), 399-413. Pavlou, P. A. (2003).Consumer acceptance of electronic commerce integrating trust and risk with the technology acceptance model. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 7(3), 101-134. Payne, A. (1993). The affection of Service Marketing. Prentice-Hall, London. Philip, M. D. (2002). The role of consumption emotions in the satisfaction response. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 12(3), 243-252. Price, L. L. , & Arnould, E. J. (1999). Commercial friendships Service provider client relationships in context. Journal of Marketing, 63(4), 38-65. Rama, M. (1999). Public sector lay off an introduction.The World Bank Economic Review, 13(1), 1-22. Reichheld, F. F. , Markey, R. G. Jr. , & Hopton, C. (2000). The loyalty effect the relationship between loyalty and profits. European Business Journal, 12(3), 134-139. Reichheld, F. F. , & Sasser, W. E. (1990). Zero defections quality comes to service. Harvard Business Review, Sept-Oct, 105-111. Roberts, K. , Varki, S. , & Brodie, R. (2003). quantity the quality of relationships in consumer services an empirical study. Europe an Journal of Marketing. 37(1/2), 169-196. Rosalind, M. , & Audrey, G. (2007). Customer loyalty an empirical study.European Journal of Marketing, 9(10), 1084-1094. Rust, R. T. , & Oliver, R. L. (2000). Should we delight the customer?. Academy of Marketing Science Journal, 28(1), 86-92. Sirgy, M. J. (1982). Self-concept in consumer behavior a critical review. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(3), 287-300. Sirgy, M. J. (1985). Using self-congruity and ideal congruity to predict purchase motivation. Journal of Business Research, 13(3), 195-206. Stern, B. B. , Thompson, C. J. , & Arnould, E. J. (1998). Narrative analysis of a marketing relationship the consumers perspective. Psychology and Marketing, 15(3), 195-214.Surprenant, C. F. , & Solomon, M. R. (1987). Predictability and personalization in the service encounter. Journal of Marketing, 51, April, 86-96. Taylor, C. (1991). The Ethics of Authenticity, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. Zahorik, A. J. , & Rust, R. T. (1992). Model ing the impact of service quality on profitability. Advances in Service Marketing and Management, 1, JAI Press, Greenwich, CT, 247-276. Zeithaml, V. A. (1998). Consumer Perceptions of price, quality, and value a means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 2-22. Zeithaml, V. A. , & Bitner, M.J. (1996). Service Marketing, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. Zinmund, W. G. (2003). Business research method, 7th Edition, New York The Drylen Press. About the Author Bui Thanh Phong obtained his MBA from the Graduate School of Business, Assumption University. e-mail emailprotected com or emailprotected com. picAbout the Author More Sharing ServicesShare Subscribe to RSS Contact Author pic Bui Thanh Phong About the Author Bui Thanh Phong obtained his MBA from the Graduate School of Business, Assumption University. Emailemailprotected comor emailprotected com.

Letter Opinion and Suggestions to Restaurant

I am writing to commend on your cutting opened McDonalds restaurant in Rzeszow, which I recently had opportunity to visit. I am a fixture guest in your chain of restaurants so it was pleasure for me to hear that the new one is situated stuffy my living place. Moreover, standard of this branch did non disappointed my expectations. I was positively surprised that the staff was precise friendly and helpful. They serve food as quick as it is possible with a smile and clarified attitude. I truly appreciate the fact that meals be hot, fresh and in available prices. Additionaly, I spy many tills which makes ordering easier and helps to avoid queues.Arrangement of sits supposed to be highlighted as well. In my opinion in that respect is a lot of space with many tables. That enables customers to enjoy their meals in comfortable and calm atmosphere. I whitethorn say that colours and decoration appeal to me and help to relax during the visit. I think all these aspects are worth minding becouse they make people come back again. However, there are few minor dilate which might be done in slightly different way. I would feel a great deal to a greater extent satisfied when my order would be brought to the table by a staff member. It does not require much effort but would make a visit more pleasing.Moreover, I noticed that some tables were not cleaned, this is definitely duty of a staff. Finally, I would like to mention one more issue when I had to go to the toilet I found that it is needed to enter a code from a notice to get in. It seems quite strange to me and should be changed. I hope these suggestions will be taken into friendliness and help you to improve standard of your restaurant. I am sure that I will be your fixedness customer and I hope that every next visit will be as lovable as the last one. I wish you great success and many customers in this place.

Equal Opportunity in Early Childhood Essay

infantren should be treated and respected as individuals in their own rights. Like any individual, peasantren have rights to shelter, food and education. They too should be treated fair and equally. Many a times, we have failed to recognise these unavoidably and as adults, we think we know best for the child. If we argon able to recognise these rights, it will greatly assist in a childs suppuration both emotionally and spiritually. According to Bruce and Meggit (2002), equality of chance marrow opening up access for either child and family to full participation in advance(prenominal) childhood services. in that location can be no quality in early childhood services unless there is equality of opportunity. Children should non be denied of their rights based on their race, nationality, gender or abilities, boys and girls should not be treated differently. Also, equal opportunities can be defined in general as not discriminating a person by his or her race, gender, family ori entation or whether they belonged to the minority in the society. I truly agree with this statement and advocates for equal opportunity to be practiced in every way. It is now the 21st century but can we safely say that children in this world are treated equally?Some parents tend to treat their children differently if they are a boy, especially in the Eastern culture succession is through boys instead of girls. several(prenominal) parents have stereotyped the colours that their children should wear, boys should be in blue and gals should be in pink. Stereotyping basically means unduly fixed mental impression (Oxford, p. 546). Society too, plays a role in influencing the parents when it comes to bringing up their children in this part of the world and to a certain extent the childrens interest will be sacrificed.Children are expected to outgo academically and those who do not will be branded as slow and they will be frowned upon by the society due to the competitive environment. Pa rents are ? pressured to have an academically sound child and as a result, children will feel ? inferior if they are unable to excel academically and this would hinder their fitting into the society in the future. In order to uphold the rights of the children in the world, UNICEF introduced the group on the Rights of the Child which was adopted by Unite Nations General Assembly on the 20th November 1989.(http//www. unicef. org/malaysia/UNICEF_FS_-_Understanding_the_ CRC. pdf). There are quaternity principles that the Convention rests on and they are non discrimination, best interests of the child, the childs right to life, survival of the fittest and development and respect for the views of the child . (http//www. unicef. org/malaysia/UNICEF_FS_-_Understanding_the_ CRC. pdf ). The main idea of having this expression is to recognize that children should be treated moderately as human creations and they should be brought up in a safe and conducive environment in order for them t o realize their full potential in life.Malaysia signed the convention in March 1995 and being a multi cultural country that as well advocates for human rights has made many changes to its legislation to adopt the convention especially in the area of education and healthcare. However, a question that many Malaysians will ask straightaway are the changes sufficient to provide the children in Malaysia equal rights? Here, let us look into the two major areas to analyse the impact of the convention on Malaysias legislation concerning children.According to article 28 of the CRC, The child has a right to education, ? (CRC, p. 19). Malaysia however has reservation on seven articles and article 28 is amongst them. The preschool education is Malaysia is chthonian(a) the responsibility of a few government departments and social agencies such as the Ministry of Health, Ministry of National Unity and tender Development, Ministry of Rural Development and also several states departments (ht tp//porta. unesco. org/education/en/ev. php-URL_ID=46167&URL _DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201. html)Under the Child Care Centre Act 1985, there are 2 categories of child care centre, one being a home based child care centre which takes in less than 10 children. The other being an governing body based centre which caters for 10 or more children (The Star, 24th March, 1996). The program guidelines of pre-schools are guided by the Ministry of Education and it has to provide a holistic development of the child being in social skills, keen skills, physical skills and spiritual skills (www. unesco. org/wef/countryreports /malaysia/Rapport_1. html) which is in accordance to article 29 of the CRC (CRC, p.21) Due to the increasing sense of the immenseness of early childhood education and also the increase in women joining the workforce, many occult childcare centres have sprung up especially in the urban areas. These centres are somely run by the private sectors that cater to mostly worki ng parents from the middle to high income families and they charge a fee for their services. For the poor or rural areas children, the pre school programs are run by the government agencies and to a certain extent Non brass Organizations (NGOs). (http//unescodoc. unesco.org/images/0012/001279/127984e. pdf). The next area that Malaysia made changes to embrace the principles in the Convention is the healthcare policy. Child mortality in Malaysia has decreased significantly due to the effective healthcare programs that the government has implemented since the First Malaysia Plan 1996 (http//www. unicef. org/malaysia/ /children_4162. html). The most widely available health care service in Malaysia is public hospitals and for the rural community, there are over 1600 community health clinics (http//www. childpolicyintl. org/countries/Malaysia. html).Generally, children in Malaysia are provided with very comprehensive health services from inoculation to clean water supply and also sanitat ion. The government has taken steps to promote health programs to children in the rural areas integrating the promotion of health in its rural development strategies and programs. This is in accordance to member 24 of the CRC where it states The child has the right to the highest standard of health and medical care attainable. Although Malaysia has taken motley measures to improve its education system to embrace the CRC, sad to say that there are still children in Malaysia whoare deprived of the right to education. This is especially apparent in vulnerable groups like children from the indigenous populations and also children in the rural areas. The indigenous children in Sabah and Sarawak have very little access to education and the curriculum in government schools do not cater to them culturally. Also, Malaysia has lifted its reservation on Article 22 which guarantees the childs rights seeking refugees status in 1995 but until today, there have not been changes when it comes to undocumented children (New Sunday Times, June 25th 2006).Undocumented children basically mean children who are born in Malaysia to migrant parents. Children in this category are deprived of education due to fact that they are not even acknowledge as Malaysian citizen. Although children in Malaysia are rather well taken care of in damage of healthcare services, there are still children who do not have access to their basic needs like healthcare. These are children born to poor parents, sex workers, alcoholics and sex workers. (New Straits Times, p. 19).Also, with the increase in human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS cases in Malaysia and many children and women from the rural areas are still complacent of this disease. A childs formative years are extremely important as it will affect their growth in the later years. If Malaysia sees the significance of its younger generation, the government should seriously look into its commitment to uphold the Convention guidelines Firstly, awareness amongst the community is extremely important if Malaysia seeks to promote equal opportunity in the early childcare settings. establishment should take steps to promote awareness amongst the people in order to change their attitudes towards children and this can be done by including the CRC as part of the school curriculum (The Star, p. N47). Secondly, early childhood education should be made compulsory to all children in urban or rural areas and available to all children in regardless of their background as every child has the right to education. Curriculum for children below the age of four should also address the current issues like AID/HIV and sex education.Materials and books used in the early childhood education should contain pictures of the different ethnic group in Malaysia. Activities organized by the childcare centre should be diversified as this would promote respect of various cultures amongst the children. More importantly, the curriculum should be sensitive to childre n from various cultural backgrounds especially the indigenous group. After all, Malaysia takes pride in its diversity of culture. Teachers in the early childcare sector should be trained in gender studies and also human rights (http//www. europeanchildrensnetwork.org/resources/infoDetail. asp? ID =12592). As childcare practitioner, the attitude of the person is utmost important in making sure that children under their care is not being discriminated. They have to be fully aware of the childs rights in order for the child to grow up in a positive environment as it is modify for the child development. A childs potential to learn and develop their full potential should not be limited by prejudice (http//ferl. qia. org. uk/content_files/resources/organisations/caderdale_ council/sharon_chapman/equalops/prejandisc. htm).