The Scope and Nature of Adult Education Programs Essay

The Scope and Nature of Adult Education Programs - Essay Example oft the activities have a voluntary approach instead of a mandatory participation of adult learning. Taylor mentions that non-formal learning, much(prenominal) as a field trip to museums, zoos, aquariums, and libraries produce spontaneous general interest in such(prenominal) institutions (Taylor et al, 2010). These multitude of institutions listed by Taylor, and Parrish and countless other educators, provide us with opportunities for lifelong learning, and include an educational experience. With evolution popularity in the field of these cultural institutions, the people are provided with a recreational and educational perspective. This paper willing explore mainly the perspective of Non-formal education in the adult learning setting. This will include a discussion of the non-formal learning institution considered as suspicious Book Conventions. Particularly we will be discussing the at once a year event brought to the general public in Toronto, Ontario known as The Fan expo Canada, and touch basis of comparison between Montreal Comic-con and The San Diego International Comic-con. For the examination of this paper, we will begin with the history of Comic Book Conventions, thence letting us follow further to the next discussion of the attractions and programs provided within this fibre of institutions. Then we will move on to discuss about the pros and cons of this institutional yearly event and thus ending the discussion with my experience attending the Comic Book Convention and with my final thoughts as to my conclusion.

Oryx and Crake literacy argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Oryx and Crake literacy argument - Essay ExampleIn the novel, genetic mutations and the creation of a unexampled beings (hybrids of the human race), love and humanity slowly is growing extinct. The novel bases off of a realistic partnership in the future, despite the genetic transitions, flashing back to Snowmans life, when he was still Jimmy, when he had moral philosophy and love in his life then flashing back to the present to a completely variant dynamic in the world. Slowly, love is depleting people giving themselves away to the opposite sex, families getting broken aside by divorce, young adults not fitting in and ending their lives. With the growing technology and advancement of science, soon the world might be a loveless, compassionless, and lifeless place.Snowman, previously known as Jimmy in his former life, has flashbacks to the compounds, the reader can see the way Jimmy lived and learned. There are several factors viewing the reader that morality is not an interest. They have television shows showing aided suicides and live executions the schools also render prostitutes to the students regularly (Atwood 11). Snowman can see the new world and remember fragments of the past he remembers love and the thought of being in love. The new world consists of women giving themselves away to multiple men with no feelings or strings attached. Although Snowman still has these memories, he still has several habits that are very vulgar such as using woman for sexual intercourse by saying he loves them. The memories compound one of the major(ip) attributes that is to degrade the feminine gender completely and use them as objects to use at the will of the men. From the flashbacks it is homely that although Snowman has had some experience of love that does not seem to deter him from practicing the uncouth and immoral behaviors practiced by other men making the relationships that she has had with the other women baseless (Atwood

Factors Affecting Customer-Centric Website Design Essay

Factors Affecting Customer-Centric Website Design - Essay ExampleThe paper concludes that website digiters must exploit Cloud technologies and handling teams that are multicultural and gender sensitive when designing their websites if they truly want to make their customers the centre of their work. knowledgeability The infrastructure known as the Internet has been at the heart of globalisation, flattening the world, and causing disruptive change in business bringing about new models and new products and services. At its core the web browser has been the around visible interface for consumers and businesses to enjoy these changes brought about by the Internet. With increasing use and time spent on the internet, and with the accompanying information overload, businesses are seeking to capture differentiate themselves through website designs that attract and engage customers. It is within this context that web designers are being tasked to come up with customer-centred websites. C ustomer-centric web design aims at creating a website that is intended to meet the specific inquires of customers as opposed to all web visitors. When considering customer-centred design, Schneider (2011) recommends focusing on the customer buying process. Garrett (2003) suggested that there are six key areas that the web designer will need to focus on to enhance the users experience visual design, information architecture, information design, navigation design, interaction design, and content. attached the highly fluid nature of the internet and its associated technologies, web designers are finding it difficult to design the more than desired customer-centric websites. In the next section, the paper begins by trying to understand why customer-centric web design is so important for any individual or organisation that is putting up or has a website. After that the paper discusses three factors that make achieving customer-centric web design difficult. First it discusses the effec t of culture and gender, thus the impact of the emergence of the mobile web and finally the rise of prosumerism. The paper then concludes with suggestions on likely techniques that web designers could use to tackle the challenge posed by these three factors. Literature Review richness of Customer-Centric Web Designs Naturally, one would ask why is achieving customer-centric web designs so important to warrant its discussion? gatekeeper (2001) argued that the internet weakened industry profitability by influencing the five forces that underlie industry structure. The Internet cut back switching costs and shifted bargaining power to end consumers. The web essentially changed the dynamics of the relationship between organisations and their customers. The customer is now more empowered and more in control of the relationship than ever ahead (Perfetti, 2006). The web has not only made it easier for customers to find alternatives but it has also lowered the costs they generate eith er in searching for alternatives or moving to them. Customers only care about that which is important to them. This factor that if they cannot find the products, services or information that brought them to a particular website, they will simply go elsewhere. To retain customers from going elsewhere makes it necessary for organizations to design their websites with the customer as the core focus. Also, it has been found that there is a big distinction between the numbers of people who visit a website and those

MAT201 - Basic Statistics Speech or Presentation

MAT201 - Basic Statistics - Speech or Presentation ExampleI purposely chose the number of phone resounds received and not phone calls make in separate to avoid any possible bias, which might arise out(p) of conscious and businesslike dialing of the phone. The observation collected was based on randomly taken selective information for 10 chosen long time and the nature of this dataset is time series. The data was collected such that a single days call would not stimulate any received call for the following days. This was consciously done in order to avoid bias.Median value corresponds to observation=(n+1)/2, again if the number of observation is odd then we call for the middle value after arranging the observations in increasing order. Whereas if we have even number of observations as we have here, we take the mean of the two middle observations and it yields the median.The mean value of 13.7 calls (14 approx) is much more than what I expected. The busy schedule usually cuts dow n the number of phone calls to 10 per day. The average should have been someplace around 10 or 11.The standard deviation is usually used to find the spread of the scattering of the available data set here the number of phone calls in 10 days. It can likewise be said that it is a measure of variability. Square root of variance gives standard deviation.To find out whether the given data set follows normal distribution or not we plot the frequency as we may see that we do not get a symmetrical skid, so our inference is that the data do not follow Normal distribution.As it can be observed that the obtained frequency curve is not symmetrical, and hence we infer that the distribution is not Normal because the Normal distribution is a round-the-clock distribution whereas the number of phone calls in 10 days is off course a separate variable. Hence the most likely distribution that might be used is the Poisson distribution.Now we continue stash away the data on the number of phone ca lls for five more days. Our basic question in this mise en scene would be whether this changes the

International Marketing Audit and Plan Research Paper

International Marketing Audit and Plan - look into Paper ExampleHowever, it will enter the market through local wholesale distributors. Azzure brand is unmatchable of the assorted companys overlaps that will gain wide acceptance in China because of the benefits the product offer to the users. For example, Azzure is herbal cig artte which has therapeutic qualities.The Chinese shutoutrs are many and increasing each year. Women smokers smoke an average of 11.6 cigarettes a day while the male smokers smoke an average of 15.5 cigarettes a day. More specifically, it is observe that young male adults smoke an average of ten cigarettes daily, while middle aged adults smoke the highest takings of cigarettes daily standing at an average of 17 cigarettes per day. The old male adults smoke he terminal number of cigarettes daily standing at an average of 10.1 cigarettes per day. The number of women smokers are increasing as the advertisement, promotions and outturn are tailored to appeal to the female adult population. The consume regulate in China is mavin of the highest in the world. It is estimated that 1.7 trillion cigarettes are smoked in china each year. The reason for this high smoking rate is due to the brotherly culture of the Chinese people who fancy cigarettes in most of its social interaction. Cigarette smoking is considered as social activity and is normally given as gifts to friends, government officials and international guest especially when one is soliciting for favours. This behaviour fuels the demand of cigarettes across the adult population and ensures that the consumption rate is maintained throughout the year. Most Chinese prefer the cigarettes brands that are produced in the home country. However, foreign cigarettes are often considered as status symbol. There are over three hundred and fifty meg cigarettes smokers in the whole of China. Therefore, there is a steady market for about two trillion cigarettes in China annually. Most cigaret tes sold in China are

Conflicting Reward Systems and Their Impact on Criminal Justice Research Paper

Conflicting Reward Systems and Their Impact on Criminal Justice Administration - Research Paper ExampleKerr (1975) presents a wide-reaching warning about the force of fix systems that do not understand the knowledge or motivations of the individuals (or the society) the reward system hopes to incentivize toward whatever personal credit line of action. In order to draw attention to the scope of this problem, the author utilizes samples from politics, organizations, and profit-making firms, even though his intended reference is only concerned with the latter. By using examples from politics, however, the authors analysis opens up avenues of investigation associate to public administration, particularly miserable justice administration and the incentives it hopes to provide for mending the behaviors of convicted persons. Given the importance of preventing criminal recidivism and the economic impacts of fewer people in jails, it is no surprise that public administration officials would be raise in ways to realign their reward systems toward the knowledge or motivations of individuals. With those considerations in mind, this paper hopes to survey some of the problems that occur when reward systems in criminal justice work against the needs and wants of administrators, and how administrators can prevent that from happening. Employees argon very good at figuring out what gets rewarded in the workplace and doing those things instead of what they are officially told to do. Employee ambivalence occurs when the explicit norms or desires of an organization come into conflict with the content of the reward systems and the norms generated by that system. An example of such a conflict might be when a company encourages employees to follow the rules, but excessively to be effective in their jobgetting their responsibilities d ace any way they can. So, despite the inclination for ethical behavior from upper management, cutthroat behavior might be ultimately what get s rewarded (Spencer & Sims, 1995, p. 190). And once a single individual figures out how to get rewarded, the pressure falls on his colleagues or else fall behind. precisely a single violation from a single individual can expose a deep, implicit in(p) problem within a reward system. A specific application of Kerr (1975)s analysis of involved reward systems is contained within a study of prosecutorial misconduct. Bibas (2009) discusses possible ways to regulate the conduct of prosecutors, who the author believes perk up the most unreviewable power or discretion of any public official. Embedded in this analysis is a response to potential reward systems for prosecutors based on financial gains. For example, one perspective offers the solution of recognize prosecutors whose initial charges closely match the charges the criminal was convicted upon. However, keeping in mind Kerr (1975)s warning that what one measures is what one gets, sizable monetary rewards for particular statistics could lead prosecutors to undercharge rather than overcharge and to plea engagement to avoid losing rewards for ethical misconduct (Bibas, 2009, p. 156). Thus, the opposite problem arises out of the solution for the original problem, which is particularly pregnant to bear in mind when creating reward systems for individuals within the criminal justice system. Manipulable and inflatable quantitative statistics often define the effectiveness of prosecutors, which poses a problem for effective reward systems based on performance. Also, reward systems that become overused tend to produce the opposite effect of rewarding the right behaviors. In other words, the to a greater extent rewards

Swot Analysis of Car Company SAAB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Swot Analysis of Car Company SAAB - Essay ExampleThe partnership is currently operational in narrow market and therefore has small and limited target market. Another weakness of the participation is that, it is offering limited number of vehicles as comp bed to other large automobile companies in the industry. From the start the company has been owned and overtaken by different organizations (Reuters Saab Automobile Press Office), therefore there is no stable organisational culture or practices in the company. This shifting have also resulted in negatively affecting the inciter image of the company as the company has not been able to build a consistent brandmark image.There is high opportunity for the car company if it expands its product portfolio and comes up with fuel efficient and surround friendly vehicles. The company can expand its market sh atomic number 18 with the help of new ideas and innovative vehicles.There are increasing political and government regulations in t he automotive industry. Almost all automobile companies are confront the termination of increase regulations on part of the government. These legal and political regulations are being affecting the military position of the automotive industry from the year 1960. Most of the recent regulations and rules have been influenced from the increasing concerns about the environment. apart from this there are increasing taxes and duties from the government. There are also considerable amount of subsidies offered by the government for the companies run in automotive industry (Plunkett Research). Like any other industry, the automotive industry is also modify by the recent economic crisis. The economic recession has resulted in decreasing the demand of the vehicles leading to the issue of excessive capacity. The companies are looking at for different methods in order to achieve economies of scales. For this purpose, most of the automobile companies are either diversifying into other rela ted businesses or are going for mergers and strategic alliances (Global Foresight). The social and cultural preferences are changing rapidly. Car or vehicle is perceived to be the status symbol in the society. Apart from this the consumers are reluctant to spend more money due to the recent economic crisis and are looking for economical cars and vehicles.

The relationship between organizational design and service behaviors Essay

The relationship between organizational design and receipts behaviors in the cordial reception exertion - Essay ExampleLiterature suggests that customers are the most beta stakeholders in the hospitality industry as all operations carried out primarily focus on gratifying the customers needs. As the name indicates, providing service profitably to people with consistence in quality and creating an atmosphere to make every individual palpate exceptional forms the hallmark of the hospitality industry (Hogan 2008). It is said that this industry is itself a part of a larger group of industries called travel and tourism industry and together hospitality and tourism make up the largest industries in the world (Walker 2009, p. 4). As one of the biggest and fastest growing industries in the world, a vast amount of question is done as yet to evaluate the implications of organizational structure and service behaviors on the growth and supremacy of this industry. The hospitality industry includes the tourism lodgings, the catering companies, as well as the food and beverage departments operate within the lodgings (Kapiki 2012, p. 2247). In addition to this, other sources suggest that the transportation services which include airlines, cruises, and trains, retail stores, and recreational event planning also makes up giant blocks of the hospitality industry (Kasavana & Brook, 2007). ... helps in managing a smooth experience from check-in to billing (Reinhart 2012) and enables the employers to create a right impression on the community. It not solo aids different organizations to maintain long-term success moreover also guides them to competitively vie in the fierce marketplace as a way of meeting the customers dynamic preferences. Not only is the organizational design or structure the main factor influencing the organizational innovation (Lavado cited in Heydarinejad, Boushehri & Delfani 2011, p. 145) but also there is a growing need to incorporate flexible and o rganic structures where the personnel is especially trained to treat a diverse customer line and is given empowerment to participate in decision-making processes (Daft cited in Heydarinejad, Boushehri & Delfani 2011, p. 145). In the highly competitive present times, scrutinizing a range of organizational designs and approaches is critically important to retain success by any organization operating in the hospitality industry as a way of facing the competition and addressing the ever-growing demands of the customers (Caruana et al. cited in Heydarinejad, Boushehri & Delfani 2011, p. 145). Regarding the importance of service behaviors in the hospitality industry, it is claimed that hospitality employees have the ability to affect the human experience by creating powerful impressions that may last a lifetime (Walker 2009, p. 4). This is because since hospitality staff is under direct responsibility to serve people from diverse backgrounds, the customers prospective behavioral intentio ns are affected by the treatment they receive as they continue to get a taste of what the business is all about and how it is handled every time the staff interacts with them (Reinhart 2012). This essay

Magic Carpet Airlines Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

sorcerous Carpet trajectory paths - Case Study ExampleThey used the League of Flight Attendants to articulate their issues with the management. The other stakeholder in the case was Magic Carpet Airlines team that represented the company with whom these issues were being addressed (Kennedy, 2007).Compensation was iodin of the major problems in this situation. The base wages for Magic Carpet Airlines flight attendants were relatively low and the data that they collected from Monthly Labor Review helped them conclude that the base wage was non matching the cost of living that had gone up. The fashionlines flight attendants observed that the companys wage scheme was fixed and was contended for a five-year wage review (Guasco, 2007).Job security was the other major issue in this situation. The flight attendants felt that they risked losing their seniority if the deal between Magic Carpet Airline and RCA went through. The company did not provide a clear way of reassuring its fligh t attendants that their contract was bond and this made them feel like they could lose their jobs anytime (Kennedy, 2007).The third major problem in this situation was works conditions. The company assigned its flight attendants a prolonged trip trading lead-time of five days entirely they felt that it should be reduced to one day. The company provided $6 monthly for the maintenance of flight attendants uniforms provided they felt that the about needed to be raised to $20 (Shell, 2006).The fourth major problem in the negotiations was the disparity between the wages and wok rules, and Magic Carpet Airlines financial performance. The league of flight attendants demanded for the harmonization of the companys wages with its financial performance.I would recommend that the League of Flight Attendants hire quarterly meetings with the board of directors of the company in order to discuss their issues. This would provide a platform for them to air their grievances before they escalate. Secondly, I would

Will Online Education Finally Replace Regular Schools Education Research Paper

Will Online Education Finally Replace Regular Schools Education - look Paper Example, is not a future possibility for which higher education must prep be, it is a current reality creating opportunities and challenges for educational institutions a reality offering students expanded choices in where, when, how, and from whom they learn a reality making education accessible to ever larger numbers of persons the benefits that accrue distanced education atomic number 18 numerous, and the critics sentiment that the ashes is doing more harm than good should be shunned.Distance education has seen enrolment add over time, and the learners who are in underserved regions have the opportunity to access education. Education become assessable to the learners who make it difficult to attend a regular school due to time constraints and geographical issues. It is important to manoeuver that schooling in the 21st century strongly requires ICT techniques to be incorporated to the curriculum. Co mputer skill are well instilled to the students who practice distance learning as compared to the student in regular school. There are also very confined skills in matters such as critical thinking, independent learning, research, computer usage, yeasty thinking, problem solving, time management, and decision making (Barker & Wendel, 2001). Educationists have suggested that learning should be student centered or else than teacher centered, this is very achievable in distance learning since the student is much involved in the learning process as compared to the students in regular school system.There are numerous involution in distance education technologies (Karaim). And for this reason curriculum developers have positioned themselves to make sure that the education system is better compare to regular education that is facilitated by a teacher. Distance education with the aid of engine room is offering a similar interaction between a teacher and a student. It will be baseless to argue that teaching of subjects such as mathematics can only be make attained in a regular

Marketing and Sports Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

selling and Sports - Research Paper ExampleWhile the world of business is trying to find a private-enterprise(a) benefit, the world of sports is welcoming the funds proposed. in that location are many hazards of sports marketing in the world of business. The Nike University and art Modells contracts give various lessons to the people and companies in sports marketing (Cashman and Michael, pp. 11). If one is related with racially prejudiced statements, municipal violence and showing violence to the superiors, he or she stands to be defeated more than sports marketing make him to gain. Researching and understanding various individual people or companies who want to sponsor is a critical issue. There is no marketing plan termed to be fool proof. According to Mullinand William (pp. 1), other people feel jaundice about the people in sports taking corporate funds. In the last twenty five years, olympian things consent emerged in sports due to the money issued. On the other hand, s ports have come to pay shares for the companies that have spent on sports marketing. Nike Company focuses on every single spectator using their merchandises.In conclusion, sports marketing have gone into bigger companies budgets in the world. The stakes are increasing so that they can be in the gameand this may lead to diminishing returns. The way a consumer relates sports and business is very essential. Various athletes and sports bank mostly on endorsements and

NIKEs Cheap Labor Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

NIKEs Cheap boil - Case Study ExampleThis paper illustrates that t here(predicate) are several allegations against Nike for its labor practices. Nike, as we know, is the largest garment manufacturing company. In Indonesia, Nike pays a minimum wage of $2.50 a day to its workers although the daily livable wage in Indonesia is $4.00 to $4.50 a day. The case also reflects the poor living conditions of the workers employed in Nike. Other instances of suppression include settling labor issues through the military, compelling workers for overtime without pay, sexual harassment and molestation of female employees, and centre negligence of the welfare of the workers. Nike was definitely at fault because its resources to control, prevent job injuries, tools for advocating health and safety of its workers is not very pertinent. Finally, high rates of occupational illness and poor compensation are a resoluteness of inequality in political power. The role of media is huge when it comes to ra ising awareness and preventing exploitation of people. They are the fibrous effect on a countries growth and development. It should serve as agents for the modernization of the third founding countries. Media here refers to mass media, print media and all other forms of media including the internet. They should increase their reach and provide all the news just about the third world countries to the first world countries in the first place. They should also increase the third world control over communications asset which personnel from the first world countries are permitted to extract and fulfill those into the news. They should also hold some control over world communication institutions like UN agencies. The Social certificate of indebtedness system advocates press freedom. Its purposes are similar to libertarian goals of informing, entertaining, selling, serving as a check on government. Media acts as a bridge between the government and the citizens of that country. It shou ld keep the citizens aware of the development that is going on in their country and whether it would profit them or led them towards destruction.

The News Media Characteristics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The News Media Characteristics - look for Paper ExampleThe aim of this investment is to furnish free, dependable, faultless, boundless and important data that a select based system requires. Participatory news coverage is a nonch up, with eminent wonder in which there is next to zero publication oversight or formal journalistic workflow managing the choices of a staff. Rather, it is the consequence of numerous concurrent, disseminated discussions that either bloom or rapidly decay in the Webs informal organization. eyepatch the eruption of weblogs is a later wonder, the thought of taking advantage of your group of onlookers for new views or transforming al-Quran lovers into correspondents or reporters is definitely not. Weblogs or writes as they argon generally known, are the most dynamic and dire type of this support reporting. These individually distributed frameworks bring forth offered ascent to a sensation that shows the markings of unrest by great(p) anybody with the r ight ability and vigour the capability to be heard far and wide on the Web. They are redesigned online diaries, with converse sequential entrances and various joins that give up-to-the-moment undertakes the journalists existence, the news, or on a particular subject of investment. regularly riddled with obstinate or clear and reasonably objective (Romenesko, 2008) Development of weblogs has been to a great consequence powered by more terrific access to transmission capacity and ease, frequently free programming. These radical simple to-utilize apparatuses have empowered new sorts of coordinated effort unlimited by time or geology. The effect is a development of new social examples and means for self-statement. Write like groups like have permitted an incalculable number of voices to take an interest while supervising a social request and furnishing a suitable channel on spill the beans. The exceptional thing ab extinct them is that they bring new voices into the national talk on different points, and help construct neighbourhoods of investment through their accumulations of connections. (Sen. Trent Lott, 2002). This raises some imperative inquiries If participatory reporting has climbed without the immediate help of prepared authors or news industry activities, what part will standard media bump? Also are standard media ready to surrender some control and energetically work unneurotic with their gatherings of people? Additionally will an educated and engaged purchaser start to edge the news hotheaded force from the grassroots? Furthermore, will reportings ethics persist? My opinion on the new trend toward participatory journalism is that citizen journalism has turned into a sensation of among participatory news coverage between the normal person and the native media is turning into another rising pattern in gathering and disseminating of news. It is not dependably conceivable for the media to be available all over the place so they search out native co lumnist with the guarantee of free attention. This association prepares between the media and the normal subject gains both ways. ii. Next, later reading the required bibliography, give your opinion of the new trend toward participatory journalism which was discussed in this weeks bibliography reading. Do you believe that cell phone photography and citizen reporting will catch on in America, and do you see any relationship between such trends and the possibility for real political reform?

Sports Sponsorship Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sports Sponsorship - Term Paper ExampleThis cover is aimed at analyzing the extent of sponsorship by indicating what has been spent and by whom with the aim of arming the readers with the relevant information in planning for sponsorship. Sports sponsorship is a golden opportunity for companies to market their products on a large scale. Whenever companies align their products with the rank of the boast, the result is that the customers associate the success of the brand with that of the sports team that they sponsor. The linkage of brands and the emotional connection that the target consumers give way for particular sports in one of the largest market places in the existence can have a big(p) electric shock on the market sh be of those brands. Brands and corporations can have the power to leverage upon the sponsorship of certain sports with the mark of building a long last-placeing relationship with the customers. The emotional bond that sports enthusiasts attach to the sport s can be transferred to a brand if the sponsorship is right. Such bonds are not usually temporary and in most cases last for a lifetime (Dobson & Goddard, 2001). This presents the corporations with the perfect opportunity to capitalize on those opportunities by building customer faithfulness which may be the cure for surviving economic uncertainty in the long term. Discussion TV programming now encompasses a vast diversity in terms of coverage of sports events. There are many channels that are now dedicated entirely on sports. Studies that have been done on the Spanish population reveal that 70% of them watch news where about 20% is dedicated to sport which is the same(p) amount of time dedicated to politics (Garcia & Rodriguez, 2002). It is no wonder that sports stars now enjoy the same level, if not more, of prestige as do the politicians. Olympic Games and world football are the two major(ip) events in the world that drive people in a frenzy. These events easily bring countries where they are beingness held to a standstill. The previous events and most newly the Olympics in Beijing, previous world football events like the recent world cup in South Africa are some of the examples of the enthusiasm that is attached to sports. The physiognomy of a country changes rapidly due to hosting an international event. The Olympics for example changes both the physical as well as the economic standing of the country it is held in. PricewaterhouseCoopers, an audit firm conducted a study in 2004 which placed the impact of the Sydney Olympics as having been 2.78% of Australias GDP in that year. The 1996 Atlanta Games similarly accounted for 2.41% of the American GDP. Professional football also has a labored impact on the GDP of a country. In Spain, for example, the industry accounts for 1.7% of the GDP and rises to 2.5% when in relation to the service sector. With such immense numbers both in terms of revenue and the attending by the people, corporations see it as a perfect opportunity to market their products. Real Madrid, a football club in Spain, is one of the most reputable worldwide. The election of Florentino Perez as its president had a profound effect on the club. He is responsible for the success of what was referred to as the Galacticos era or the Galaxy players. These players were world class and they were brought in order to improve the image of the club. Perez referred to the club as being both a brand and content. The brand was built on the human resources who included the players, coaches and the management

Analyze and compare two companies strategic management areas Essay

Analyze and compare two companies strategic management areas - study ExampleThe company businesses span oil and gas sector, automotive distribution, information and communication, home appliances, travel and logistics on base offering large spectrum of services to growing consumer base. On the other hand Milaha Corporation was established in 1957 and is one of the largest and most diversified maritime and logistics companies within Middle East. The companys operations incline from ocean transport as well as offshore support services including third troupe logistics alongside ancillary solutions (Blanchard, 2010).Organizational leadership in Mannai Corporation utilizes public relations in the cookery of variety services to all authentic stakeholders. This is ensured through existing peaceful environment that allows stakeholders to enjoy calibre service and product provisions. Such provisions would make the organization to be identified with qualities such as fun-loving, service m inded and spirited capabilities (Wieland and Marcus, 2011). The significance of the value equation within Mannai s tradeing division involves service strategies that aim at full satisfaction of already existing clients for the purposes of maintaining good percentage of market share. The inclusion of value equation within international market ensures that such organization acquires right view in a way that ensures delivery of value added substance, which is capable of providing vital, reliable and dependable information on products and services. In this case, value equation determines benefits expected from products and services. However, the whole process is dependent on, time and finances as the key factor in transaction.The Milaha Corporations supply chain management comprises of a squad of experts who ensures that maximization on the product delivery processes from the production all along to customers. In this case, the company uses customized solutions for the purposes of

History (Fifteen Year War in Asia) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History (Fifteen Year War in Asia) - Essay ExampleThis essay volition address the responses of African Americans and lacquerese Americans before and during the World War II. macrocosmy an(prenominal) influential African descendants began admiring lacquer after Japans defeat of Russia. W.E.B. Du Bois, Booker T. Washington, Marcus Garvey and Harry Dean all wrote and spoke about their high regard for the Japanese. These men considered Japanese to be a heap of color. For a people of color to vanquish a country ruled by a white monarchy gave African Americans hope. If Japan could triumph over Russia, why could Japan not defeat America? Marcus Garvey believed the wind of change had started blowing. His governing body the Universal Negro Improvement Association began supporting pro-Japanese causes in American and Britain.The African descendents and African Americans did not only admire the Japanese for their victory in the Russo-Japan war. The Japanese were admired for their acceptan ce of people of color. Many Japanese speakers in America at that time brought an African American wife or mistress to address the African Americans. In a time of Jim Crow laws to have a Japanese man affiliate himself with African Americans proved that Japan could provide a more racially equal environment than America. The thought of a society with little or no racial tension appealed to African Americans.To rising the pro-Japanese stance, Elijah Muhammad, a Nation of Islam leader, Marcus Garvey and Harry Dean, Paul Cuffes grandson, put forth the theory that Africans and Japanese were link by blood. A theory was put forth that Africans and Japanese were related by blood. Harry Dean, a sailor by profession, brought a tale back from Africa. This tale, the Teo Saga, claimed a chief, more Japanese than Africa, told how South Africa, Madagascar, Sumatra, Java, Korea and Japan once were connected by land. After the great flood these places were separated by water. Elijah Muhammad point ed out the

King Leopolds Ghost Essay Example for Free

King Leopolds Ghost EssayBetween 1880 and 1920, the population of the Congo was slashed in half(prenominal) well-nigh ten million people were victims of murder, starvation, exhaustion, exposure, disease, and a plummeting birth rate. Why do you think this spacious carnage has remained virtu each(prenominal)y unknown in the United States and Europe? During every last(predicate) this death there was solitary(prenominal) a few who would go win into the Congo because of all its dangers.So with hardly anyone already dismission down there and those who did brave the dangers would usually come back insane from a disease of some sort, there was just non seemly evidence to prove how bad it was really getting even up with those who made it forbidden fine. There was also no communication possible unaccompanied by institutionalise and considering the dangers no persons would risk their life to take a letter to and from the jungle. So how can you, with not enough brave people to go down there, get the information out to the demesne.But even those who got it out and tried to spread the war cry would be persecuted for saying such things because nobody wanted to help them because that would shed their life in danger. No one in their right mind would even venture down to that part of Africa. So with no phones, pagers, computers, or mail to get the word out and sickness and animals killing most that went down there. Even those who go looking for these camps cannot usually find them because there in agrestic eras of the jungle which, for some, are impossible to attain. There was just no possible way to get word out to the rest of the world to get help.Now even with all the technology to find and go to them we still turn int hear much of them. We contain all the vaccines to fight off all the disease and help the dying people in Africa. So even though we have all that still not much people want to help because they are caught up in the world they are living in and nothing else matters until they get what they need and want. The human race is selfish and only looks out for themselves. Question 6 The European conquest and plunder of the Congo and the rest of Africa was brutal, but so was the European settlement of North America and, long before that, the conquest of most of European by the Romans.Hasnt history eternally proceeded in this way? Well yea, history has a way of repeat itself. Nothing only happens one cartridge holder in history. There is always personnel casualty to be those nauseous Hitler type people out there and those who go power drunk and take over their country and then try to take over the world. And yes, whenever you go exploring a new place its going to be difficult. Have you ever heard someone say I went exploring a new clear and it was easy. There is so much that goes into exploration. You need tools, maps, guides, protection from animals and natives.Pretty much anything new you do is not going to be easy for you to do. Anything you do necessitate time, practice, and plans, but most important in needs to be organized. If nothing was organized the world would be in chaos. So yes history has and will be forever keep repeating itself to keep balance and stability to the world. It will always have its ups and always have its downs. It doesnt matter who or what you do to try and prevent it. God has established the berth quo and there is nothing anyone can do about it. Question 13Hochschild quotes Roger Casements as insisting to Edmond Morels I do not agree with you that England and America are the two great humanitarian powers they are moneymaking(a) first and humanitarian only a century after. What evidence supports or refuses Casements judgment? Would Casement be justified in making the aforementioned(prenominal) statement today? Now back in that time we were more of a humanitarian country because first of all we didnt have all the same technology we did today. Second we were pret ty much a new country and we were trying to make a good name for us.Then third we went to war for other which was no cause of our own and all we did was help out less fortunate countrys than us. See now during this time it is a midget different. We have all sorts of distractions. We have technology, we have more murder, and we are being more protective of our people. We use to go to war for no cause just to help out but now when we are attacked we dont want to go to war. So you can say we are and have been a little of both the whole time. Back then we went to war to help people now we are displace missionaries to camps around the world to help people. But in the end lets hope that we suffer more

The Efficient Market Hypothesis Essay Example for Free

The Efficient foodstuff Hypothesis EssayIn modern financial economic science, one of the most essential constructions , which plays a material role in financing strategy, is efficient trade hypothesis (henceforth EMH). Despite the fact that its first speculative unioniseulation, which was founded by Paul Samuelson in 1960s, is to the highest degree five decades old, numerous academic studies have been conducted some it (Alajbeg, Bubas Sonje, 2012). accord to Alajbeg et al. (2012), in the middle of 1960s market capacity was defined by Samuelson as the existence of a complete competition in a market, albeit downstairs an assumption that all participants have equally the comparable opportunity to access the available selective study. Furthermore, Fama (1965) cited in Alajbeg et al. (2012) attempts to show the EMH empirically. This essay will try to critically arguing all the forms of aptitude and give sensible evidence wherefore most of the forms seem to be broke n in the watercourse economic situations. It will start by introducing how to recognise efficiency and what be the forms of the EMH, pursual by testing for each one form in todays economic circumstances with presenting recollective arguments. Damodaran (2001) smudges out that market efficiency is distinguished by three different measurements.First is considering the amount and the remoteness of diverting price from real value in the market. The second measure is by looking at the pace and the quantity of adapting prices to new culture which come to the market. Finally, it is thrifty by determining the possibility of general gaining higher profits by some investors in the market while they may expose the identical rate of risk that other investors reveal. Generally, economists have divided the EMH into three main forms based on the case of the information reflected in security department prices. The first type of the EMH is indistinct form. In this form of efficiency, th e only information depending on is the past prices information. However, any other available stock information seems to be invaluable in these markets. As Hillier, Ross, Westerfield, Jaffe Jordan (2010) state no information, apart from the historical prices, is relied on by the investors in the weak form efficiency. In the light of this, a capital market is considered to be weakly efficient when it contains price information about the past share prices. Hillier et al. (2010) also confirm that predating strategy is unlikely to be able to earn returns in the market operations. Put another way, information for future is not predicted in this form of efficiency.This seems to be a possible reason why these markets are called weak efficiency. The second type of the market efficiency is semi-strong form. According to Ross, Westerfield Jordan (1993), the semi-strong efficiency is the most controversial form among all the three forms. From this perspective, Ross et al. (1993) mention the reason why this form in the markets is more controversial than the other forms is that it warns an expert, who analysis financial information in tack to find mis-priced stock, to not waste age in analysing some possibly useless information, for instance, financial arguing information because this information is already included in the current stock prices. Brealey, Myers Allen (2011) maintain that in these markets, prices speedily incorporate whole publicly available information, such as last quarters earning declaration, a end of unifying other companies and an unfamiliar matter of stock. In the light of this finding, it can be said that the semi-strong market efficiency rely on two historical and public information at the same(p) time (Brealey, Myers Allen, 2008).Strong form efficiency is the final form of efficiency. Ross et al. (1993) emphasise all types of information, either public or private, are more likely to be incorporated in the stock market prices when the mark et is efficiently strong. Additionally, in this kind of market, it is impossible to determine any incomparable investors who are able continually to overreach the market (Brealey et al., 2011). Expressed differently, strong competition is highly considered among the investors of the strong market efficiency. Therefore, the crucial investors may not be able to keep their high position in the long-term. According to Brealey et al. (2011), since Maurice Kendall published his controversial newspaper in 1953 on the behavior of stock prices, a significant amount of financial research has been make to test the EMH. In the light of that background information, both supporting and disapproval evidence has extended to each of the three forms weak, semi-strong and strong.Firstly, in order to test the weak form of this hypothesis, Brealey et al. (2011) evaluate the profitability of some vocation rules which is utilised by investors who seek to determine patterns in security prices. Hillier et al. (2010) claim although the share price movements are stochastic, investors tend to notice patterns. However, the existence of patterns in the past price data, which is the main information in weak form efficiency, seems to be unreal, according to Hillier et al. (2010). As an example, Hillier et al. (2010) illustrate the participation between Shell transport and purple Dutch Petroleum, which randomness is highly predicted instead of pattern in their stock price. Then Brealey et al. (2011352) demonstrate since both companies participated in the same underlying cash flows in 2005, it would be expected the stock prices to have go in exact lockstep, while the real price of the tow shares sometimes diverged substantially.Therefore, Hillier et al. (2010) confirm that the security choices based on patterns of historical price changes would not be as acceptable as random choice. As a consequence of this evidence, it can be assumed that the weak form efficiency seems to be a meaning ful form in the new economic environment. Secondly, in examining the semi-strong efficiency, the speed of reacting security prices towards announcements is measured (Brealey et al., 2011). According to this form of efficiency, previous price information would not have any influence on present actual return because this form implies that in an efficient market, historical information has merely reflected in the current prices (Hillier et al., 2010). Whereas, in many empirical cases past information impacts on stock prices. For example, Hillier et al. (2010) highlight the world(a) credit crisis of 2008 which firstly started only from the British bank Northern Rock.Then it slowly continued and encompass some other banks, such as, Bear Stearn, the US investment bank, HBOS and Lehmann Brothers. Hillier et al. (2010) also state that it had not halt unless the short selling would have been temporarily avoided by the US and UK governments. From the light of this empirical circumstance, th e semi-strong efficiency is believably no longer a sensible form in todays economy because the standard test requirement, which economists take , may not be reflected in it. Finally, In terms of testing the strong form efficiency, Brealey et al. (2008) point out that the performance of the passenger vehicles in the markets is depended on. Hillier et al. (2010) imply that it is more likely to profit from a personal information which the other investors do not have in the market, whilst in the strong efficient market it is unlikely to be profited from this information by their owners. Further to this, Brealey et al. (2011) claims that it is probably more common that a particular manager in a market, who is more clever than the others, could make superior profits.This seems to be an appropriate evidence against the EMH in the case of strong form. Similarly, Damondaran (2001) points out that some investors can earn more profit than the others whilst they have the same chance of risk. Brealey et al. (2011) take a large sample of the US companies in order to test the resemblance of annual profits among them from 1926 to 2008. Brealey et al. (2011349) prove since 1926 the stock of the firms with the lowest market capitalizations have performed substantially better than those with the highest capitalizations. In the same way, Alajbeg et al. (2012) criticise the EMH because of the effectiveness of some anomalies in the market, for example, January effect, weekend effect and momentum effect. As a result of the aforementioned arguments, it can be argued that the strong market efficiency does not make soul in the current economic situations because of the possibility of out-performance in the market.In addition, the EMH has faced many criticisms. For example, Brealey et al. (2011) mention a stock market bubble in property prices in the US. In a way, the price has almost doubled by 2005. Nevertheless, the EMH considers that prices always equal to the values inside the efficient markets (Brealey et al., 2011). This can also be noticed as an evidence against the EMH. In conclusion, the participants mostly try to exploit each single ascertained mis-pricing in the stock market. This competition results in market efficiency (Brealey et al., 2008). There are three forms of efficiency weak, semi-strong and strong. The weak form efficiency seems to be significant in todays economy because it considers that prices are random and that is prove in the empirical situations.However, the strong form is generally considered to be meaningless because of the out-performance which can be execute by some investors. Similarly, the semi-strong form may be seen as an insensible form of the EMH in the current economy. This form is unlikely to provide the common test demands when it tests to find how rapidly prices respond to the new information. Furthermore, at that place are many debates about the EMH in empirical situations because of occurring some bubbles and cr isis. Apparently, there are considerable arguments about market efficiency along the history of the capital market. Nonetheless, financial market efficiency is constantly under debate. In other words, it is still a challenging issue in the current financial economics (Alajbeg et al., 2012).References* Alejbeg, D., Bubas, Z. And Sonje, V. (2012)The efficient market hypothesis problems with interpretations of empirical tests. Financial Theory and Practice. Available at http//core.kmi.open.ac.uk (Accessed at seventeenth August 2012). * Brealey, A., Myers, C. And Allen, F. (2011) Principles of collective Finance (global edition). New York. Mcraw Hill/Irwin. * Brealey, A., Myers, C. And Allen, F. (2008) Principles of Corporate Finance (nine edition). New York. Mcraw Hill/Irwin. * Damodaran, A. (2001) Corporate Finance theory and practice. Second edition. United States. John Willey Sons, Inc. * Hillier, D., Ross, S., Westerfield, R., Jaffe, J. And Jordan, B. (2010) Corporate Finance. Mc raw-Hill. * Ross, S., Westerfield, R. And Jordan, B. (1993) Fundamentals of Corporate Finance (second edition). Boston. Irwin Inc.

The effects that staging a major sporting event can have on an area Essay Example for Free

The effects that re-create a study clear face can realise over on an bea EssayAbstractThis answer for leave behind study the effects that staging a major clean-living fount can suck up on an ara. It leave behind examine whether events of this size gene score ind headspringing investing, what different guinea pigs of investing that occur and evaluate their lasting value. The evidences for the crop of gasconade as a globular application leave as well as be discussed in damage of their effect on enthronisation levels.After studying a number of major white-hot events, both within the UK and from former(a) disunites of the manhood this report concludes that the effect to which events act as a concenter for inward investment funds depends on the nature of the contention and the size of its audience. IntroductionThe title of this report isTo what extent do major gaudy events act as a charge for inward investment? to begin with I can begin to look thi s hesitancy there are several terms to restoreWhat constitutes a major diverting event?A major sporting event is a arguing involving a large number of competitions from a range of countries, gaining widespread media coverage.What is inward investment?Inward investment implies that, Goods have been brought into existence which will tout ensembleow a stream of other redeeming(prenominal)s and services to be produced in the future. (Economics, A clean Approach by A.G. Anderton) aboriginal Questions/IssuesMy report will be structured most the key questions shown in the table below. I will make ongoing deductions as I explore each question in turn, single-valued function case studies covering a range of scales and locations, and draw them unneurotic when making my final conclusion.Key QuestionCase Studies used1) Where does inward investment come from and is it sustainable?capital of Greece 2004, drama England, Silverst wizard, previous surpassing games, humans form 2002 ( Yokohama), World savant Games 1991 (Sheffield)2) Increased investment in sporting events has come about due to the growth in the importance of sport which has live a global industry. What has caused this growth?World transfuse 2002 (Yokohama)3) What different types of investment take bum? Do they vary from one sporting event to a nonher?World Student Games 1991 (Sheffield), Silverstone, capital of Greece 2004, World loving cup 2002 (Yokohama)4) Are there examples of major sporting events that have not acted as a focus for inward investment? Do these events have eachthing in common that could excuse why the inward investment was slight?Embassy World play a trick on deed of conveyances (Sheffield), BUPA large North slip by1) Where does inward investment come from and is it sustainable?To welcome out where inward investment comes from I will be using the follo shape upg case studies Athens 2004, Sport England, Silverstone.Athens 2004Athens 2004 balanced budget is 1.962 meg Euros. (see fig. 1 for breakdown). To date Athens 2004 conferrership grosss have reached approximately 448.1 million Euro in total. This already breaks many previous records as Athens 2004 has covered its intercommunicate sponsorship re venues with only 7 out of forty potential Sponsors. Athens 2004 decided to have a limit number of sponsors, and to emphasise quality rather than quantity. (See fig. 2) (www.athens.olympic.org)Sport EnglandGovernment funding of sport in the UK is done with(p) so through an organisation know as Sport England. They are a council who meet on a regular basis to consider applications for funding the teaching of sports facilities. They make their grants from field of study Lottery Funds and applicants are usually expect to show evidence that their scheme will well be the community as a whole. (www.culture.gov.uk/sport)SilverstoneSilverstone is hoping that is will be able to gain financial support in this however as a report in December 2000 said S ilverstone would in all likelihood need to provide other uses for the local community there is no reason why the track should not have a velodrome or artificial ski gradient there might even be the possibility of a watersport facility.BRDC (British Racing Drivers Club) President, Sir Jackie Stewart wants the government to underwrite at least half the sum, believing that it is in the best interests of politicians to support the local motor sport industry so jobs and important F1 teams arent driven out of the country to more attractive destinations. (www.octagonmotorsports.com)The reformulatement of Silverstone will be funded by three parties. Firstly by Octagon, the US trade group that owns the rights to the British dominating Prix for the attached 15 years, Bernie Ecclestones prescript One bedment, which handles Grand Prix racings commercial affairs, and the BRDC, which owns Silverstone itself.To investigate whether the inward investment is sustainable I will be using the embraceing case studies Athens 2004, previous Olympic games, World Cup 2002 (Yokohama), World Student Games 1991 (Sheffield).Athens 2003* The Athens 2004 Olympic Games will leave a legacy to Athens, to Greece and to the adult male that will remain for generations to come.As Sydney, capital of Georgia and Barcelona have shown, there are many tangible, long-term benefits to hosting the Olympic Games.For the people of Greece, the legacy of the 2004 Olympic Games will begin with the economic benefits of investing in upgrades to the transportation infrastructure, telecommunications system, and the environment. These investments will benefit Greece for years to come.They include65,000 sensitive unending jobs120 kilometres of new road290,000 new trees, 11 million new shrubsA New supranational AirportAn expanded metro systemA new, ultra-modern Traffic Management CentreAn increase in tourismA $1.3 billion boost in public sector revenues, and35% improvement of the quality of the enviro nment* In addition, the skills, expertise and training of the men in Greece across every sector will be evoked. The workforce will be called upon to manage large scale complex projects that involve integrated planning and detailed coordination. The new skills and expertise will be valuable assets surviving the completion of the Olympic and Paralympic Games.Renewed civic pride, a massive flush in volunteerism, and the return of the Olympic Games to their ancient birthplace will all shape the Legacy of the capital of Greece 2004 Olympic Games. When the last medal is awarded, and the Closing Ceremony of the Paralympic Games ends, the dynamism and spirit of the Games of 2004 will remain. The metropolis of Athens and the surrounding region will have overhauled and upgraded every major sector of the economy, channeled investment, and re-invigorated public life passim Greece. (www.athens.olympics.org)In the period leading up to 2004, Greece will receive $40.23 billion USD from the Eu ropean Union to improve broad(prenominal)ways and other infrastructure projects.Previous Olympic GamesSydneyIt was estimated that the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games will add $6.5 billion to the Australian gross domestic product and 100,000 full- sequence jobs over a 12 year period from 1994-2006.Australia saw an 11% increase in total visitors for 2000. Interestingly, the highest month total (565,000 arrivals) was achieved in December-3 months after the Olympic Games.1.5 million additional international tourists are expected to visit Australia until 2006 because of the staging of the Olympic Games. This is estimated to generate an additional $2.7 billion in tourism exports.AtlantaThe Atlanta Olympic Games added $5.1 billion to the Georgia economy.As a result of the 1996 Atlanta Games, spending from out-of-state visitors injected $2.5 billion into the economy.BarcelonaPrior to the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games, Barcelona was ranked as the 16th most popular tourist destination in Europe. By 1999, it had risen to third.The Barcelona Games added $16.6 billion to the Spanish economy between 1986 and 1993.From October 1986 (the month Barcelona won the bid) to July 1992, the general rate of unemployment in Barcelona fell from 18.4% to 9.6%-a drop of nearly 50%.New suburban highways and tunnels cropd downtown dealings by 15 percent.World Cup 2002 (Yokohama)* Since the Dynasty Cup, the leaveing game of the scene of action on March initiatory 1998, there has been 9 Japanese national team games, including the Kirin Cup and the Confederations Cup. The bowlful, as well as macrocosm the home ground of the J Leagues team Yokohama F. Marinos, is also the stage of many events each year, such as Kanagawa Yume Kokutai and a 70,000 people Bz Live Concert. Under the stands we can find the Sports Medical Center, the Sports Community Plaza and the Sports development Center, which are the core of communication for all sports concerned. The objective of the facilities is to achieve in ternational exchange and to provide health and well being. (www.fifaworldcup.yahoo.com)World Student Games 1991 (Sheffield)* Since the hosting of the World Student Games in 1991, the Don vale Stadium has continue to be of benefit to the community as a whole. All facilities, including the indoor(prenominal) and outdoor tracks are open for public use 7 years a week at the excellent price of 2.70 for adults and 2.10 for children.* The stadium annually hosts the North of England Athletics Association Open Championships in January and is also used for various other national athletics competitions and meetings.* The stadium is also home to several athletics clubs the Hallamshire Harriers, Sheffield AC, Sheffield City Striders, Sheffield University AC and Sheffield Hallam University AC. The stadium regularly hosts Rugby League, American Football and Football games and is home to the Sheffield Eagles Rugby League Club.Conclusions about Key Question 1* It appears that there are three mai n sources of investment acquirable to major sporting events. The first and possibly most important of these is sponsorship. Sponsors can be broken down into deuce lucid categories. There are those sponsors who give specie to the event organizers in return for the rights to use the Olympic image and image on their products and in their advertising. For example Coca-Cola is the official non-alcoholic beverage for Athens 2004. The other kind of sponsor is the sponsor who provides a service or function at the sporting event. They will also benefit from change magnitude media coverage. SWATCH are providing all of the timing and scoring equipment for the games.* Major sporting events appear to have major, permanent benefits to the host city and the surrounding area long after the event has taken place. These include the preparation of world class sporting facilities and venues that can be used by the general public and local sportsmen, the creation of new general public services, s uch as transport links, and the creation of jobs, both straightway as a result of the sporting event and jobs created by the encouragement of new businesses into the area.Having examined the sources of inward investment I will now investigate why this investment is increasing.2) Increased investment in sporting events has come about due to the growth in importance of sport which has become a global industry. What has caused this growth?* Increased media coverage it is estimated that the final of the World Cup in Yokohama was transmitted live to a worldwide audience of nearly 2 billion. Sport is now broadcast throughout the world and is one of the main ways in which many fans get access to sporting events, whether through radio, television or the internet.* Sport is an important part of the nations shared experience and values the nations culture. It brings people together either as participants or spectators, building teamwork and community pride.* Participation in sport at an a mateur level has increased in recent years. Amateur sport is important to improving quality of life. Sport provides role models for the hobbyhorse of personal excellence. Competitive amateur sport also stimulates broadly based participation in fleshly activity, leading to better health, higher productivity and a stronger loving fabric. This has led to increased interest in professional sport, resulting in higher attendance and increased revenue.* Increasing government intervention in sport at a professional level has also increased its importance. Our elite athletes are supported using drawing funding under the World Class Performance Programme by UK Sport and Sport England. Awards have been made to the governing bodies of over 37 sports, ranging from wheelchair basketball to athletics. This enables our top athletes to improve their performance and win medals in the Olympics and major international competitions. Those athletes at the elite level are also starting to determine t he benefits of the United Kingdom Sports Institute. Funded by the lottery, these are centres of excellence where first class facilities and services are available to athletes.This includes sports science, medicine, nutrition and coaching expertise. There are ten centres of excellence in England. Many of the centres have sports-specific roles, for event most of the elite swimmers use the new facilities at Bath University. Money embossed by the National Lottery is also being directed at bringing top events to the UK, such as the World Athletics Championship in 2005. Not only does this give us all the opportunity to becharm the best competitors in the world, it is a boost for the country and sports as a whole. (www.culture.gov.uk/sport)Having investigated the reasons for increased inward investment we must now examine how this investment is being used.3) What different types of inward investment take place? Do they vary from one sporting event to another?To answer this key question I will be using the following case studies World Student Games 1991 (Sheffield), Silverstone, Athens 2004, World Cup 2002 (Yokohama).* If a sporting event is given the responsibility of hosting a major sporting event and their sporting facilities are not already of the collectd standard to host that event, then investment is needed to redevelop or create them.World Student Games 1991 (Sheffield)Following a successful bid for the World Student Games in 1991, the City of Sheffield undertook a programme to provide world class sports facilities for the City, including an Athletics Stadium with a fully equipped grandstand. The grandstand is in effect a four storey building containing all the support facilities such as changing rooms, as well as an 85 metre indoor track and practice area. (www.sivltd.com/donvalley)SilverstoneOver the next 3 years Silverstone, the home of the British Grand Prix will undergo a $70 million redevelopment, including the improvement of key trackside facilit ies such as pit garages and competitor accommodation facilities, as well as 1.5 kilometres of new track to improve overtaking opportunities on the circuit. These improvements follow speculation that the British Grand Prix could be moved to Brands Hatch and strong criticism from the Head of Formula One Management, Bernie Ecclestone. (www.grandprix.com)* It is also important that facilities available to spectators at major sporting events are of a high standard, as it is the public, in combination with sponsors that generate most money for the organisers.World Student Games 1991 (Sheffield)The Don Valley Stadium, Sheffield has state of the art spectator facilities, including* 1500 lux floodlights to accommodate a full colour spectrum TV (see fig. 4)* A fully electronic timing and results system with photo finish facilities* A huge electronic scoreboard (see fig. 3)* A fully integrated state of the art public address system* Full catering hospitality facilities as well as food and dr ink concession points.The Stadiums major focal point is its grandstand which holds 10,000 spectators. 15,000 spectators can also be accommodated on the open terracing making the seating capacity 25,000. (See fig. 4) (www.sivltd.com/donvalley)SilverstoneAs part of extensive redevelopment of Silverstone, the old club at the entrance to the pit lane was replaced with a new building that offers improved facilities for club members and their guests. The im military pressive three-storey building houses a restaurant, bar and club accommodation, as well as pit lane and roof terracing viewing areas. Plans have also been recently announced to greatly improve facilities in the general public viewing areas, including directional signage inside the circuit, catering, retail and modern bathroom facilities. This follows on from the successful road development and improved traffic management at this years Grand Prix. (www.octagonmotorsports.com)* The potential for tourism generated alongside ma jor sporting competitions means that a lot of money is invested on improving the appearance of an area before hosting the event.Athens 2004Athens is being transformed into the host city for the 2004 Olympic Games. An extensive programme of interventions for the aesthetic upgrading of the city, along with the creation of Olympic Celebration sites, will enhance the Games experience for visitors and residents alike. An extensive Urban Regeneration Programme is already underway which will include the development and construction of new pedestrian roads, the redesigning of open public areas, the creation of new green areas (see fig. 5), improved thoroughfare illumination and the removal of illegal advertising boards. (www.athens.olympic.org)World Cup 2002 (Yokohama)The broadcasting of Yokohamas name throughout the world during the 2002 FIFA World Cup will in itself have been excellent publicity for the city. Moreover, hopefully it will have had important effects in the area such as the attraction of movement into Yokohama by unlike businesses. Leading up to the games the city worked to improve the urban infrastructure (parks, roads etc.) and to develop its human resources and networking through programs keyed by citizen volunteer activities. To bolster arrangements a City Sales campaign built around the World Cup, with hospitality arrangements to benefit both visitors and residents was established. (www.fifaworldcup.yahoo.com)Conclusions to Key Question 3* I would suggest that the type of investment and therefore possibly the level of investment leadd for a sporting event varies depending on the nature of that event. An event such as the Olympics which encompasses a broad range of sports will obviously require a greater level of investment than a single sport event such as the Football World Cup.* I have been able to identify three key areas of investment. Firstly and probably most important is investment in the furnish of sports facilities. Without adequate facilities an event will never be successful. Secondary to this is investment in spectator facilities. The paying public are the main source of revenue for any sporting event, so they need to be fully catered for. If they are unhappy with the service they receive, they rule return. Low attendances would probably render the event a financial failure.Normally the projected revenue from tag sales is incorporated into the event budget (see fig. 1). Lastly but also significant is investment in the surrounding area as a whole. For an event to be successful it is important that the infrastructure is adequate to(p) of dealing with a large number of people. The image sent out to the rest of the world also has to be considered, as hosting a sporting event puts the area under close media scrutiny. A supportive image can encourage new business to the area.Having examined sporting events that have acted as a focus for inward investment and the type of investment that has occurred we now need to see if there are event that have not resulted in investment and the reasons for this.4) Are there examples of major sport events that have not acted as a focus for inward investment? Do these events have anything in common that could explain why there was less(prenominal) investment?To answer this key question I will use the following case studies Embassy World Snooker Championships (Sheffield), BUPA considerable North Run.Embassy World Snooker Championships (Sheffield)The Embassy World Snooker Championships are held at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, every year in April. For 17 days each year, the largest theatre complex outside of London is transformed into what is recognised as snookers No. 1 venue.Organisers move into the theatre 6 days before the beginning of the championship to prepare the arena. The theatre appal is hollow so a series of jacks have to be put under the two tables, which weigh one and a half tonnes each. The stage is carpeted and the Embassy snooker ar ena is installed complete with press seating, boxes for the BBC commentators and photographers and the TV cameras (see fig. 6). Back stage, the rehearsal room is transformed into an Interview Room. (www.embassysnooker.com)The Studio which is also part of the Sheffield Theatres composite is transformed into a two table practice area and the TV set for the BBC team and look man.The Crucible holds less than 1,000 spectators and tickets are eagerly snapped up by the sports fanatical followers.Why has there been superficial inward investment?* The size of the auditorium means that the revenue generated by the event is limited. This means there is less money to re-invest in the event and Sheffield as a whole.* The Crucible theatre is only a episodic sports venue for 17 days out of every year. For the majority of the year it is a normal theatre, staging touring and in-house productions.BUPA Great North RunThe BUPA Great North Run is the worlds biggest half marathon, with 47,000 people running from Newcastle city centre to South Shields a festival of fun runners, colours and an estimated 8 million pounds is raised for good causes each year.Since it started in 1981, around half a million people have completed the 13 miles and 192 and a half yards run. The first marathon attracted only 12,000 participants but its popularity has rocketed and now many thousands of applicants are otiose to get an entry.There were people from 25 different countries competing in this years event.The Great North Run has attracted many celebrities and well known personalities. Kevin Keegan once ran the Great North Run wearing the red and white stripes of Sunderland and the black and white stripes of Newcastle United. Soccer star Paul Gascoigne once pushed a wheelchair athlete all the way round the Great North Run circuit.Why has there been little investment?* The Great North Run is a charity sporting event. All money generated through the event are donated to charity and not re-invested in the area.* The event is run around the streets of Newcastle so does not require any purpose built facilities which would require investment.Conclusions to Key Question 4The most common reason for little investment in a sporting event appears to be the lack of need for permanent sporting facilities. Facilities provision is the most costly aspect of a sporting event so where they are not required, investment is significantly less. Another reason for lack of investment, as demonstrated by the Great North Run, is if it is a charity sporting event. These events set out to make as such(prenominal) money for good causes as possible so dont spend money unnecessarily. Small maximum attendances also reduce investment. Money from ticket and merchandise sales is one of the main sources of income, so a small venue will only generate a little money for re-investment.Final ConclusionThe initial question that was asked at the beginning of this report was To what extent do major sporting events act as a focus for inward investment?I examined this issue using four key questions, making ongoing conclusions as I went along. The following conclusion is an accumulation of my findings throughout the report* I have reached the conclusion that the majority of sporting events do act as a focus for inward investment. Through my look for and analysis of a range of different types and scales of sporting events I believe that the extent to which this is true depends on the nature of the event. Large scale events such as an Olympic games will require a much larger investment than a world championship in a specific sport. They will require a wider range of sporting facilities and are likely to attract a broader range of spectators, requiring greater provision of spectator facilities.* I have also concluded that many of these events have lasting benefits not still for the people who benefit directly from the facilities but the general population of the area who receive the financial an d social benefits.* Events which do not act as a focus for inward investment are those which do not require permanent facilities, or in the case of the BUPA Great North Run any facilities. The potential audience size can also be a limiting factor as shown by the example of the Embassy World Snooker Championship.As you can see from my conclusion, the question asked in this report is of a complex nature and has no simple answer. I used case studies covering a range of scales and locations in order to make as accurate a judgement as possible. so far I could only use a limited number due to the length of time I had to persist out my research and compile this report. To fully investigate the issue I would need to carry out my research on a much larger scale, covering a greater time period and range of events.BibliographyWebsites* Athens 2004www.athens.olympic.org Official site for the Summer Olympics, Athens 2004. Contains information on the preparations being made ahead of the games, the events that will take place during the games, and regularly updated press releases.* Embassy World Snooker Championshipwww.embassysnooker.com Official site of the major sponsor of world snooker, Embassy tobacco company. Contains information on all the major world snooker events and venues, the latest intelligence from the world of snooker, and its history as a major sport.* Great North Runwww.greatnorthrunjustgiving.homestead.com Website containing information on the history of the Great North Run, and how sponsorship can be raised and collected. People wishing to take part have to sign up here.www.onrunning.com Website run by BUPA (The British United Provident Association), a leading UK private medical insurance organisation. Contains the latest information on the Great North Run and other charity races which they sponsor.* Silverstonewww.grandprix.com A website dedicated to Formula One. Contains up-to-date news articles as well as circuit, driver and team visiblenesss.w ww.octagonmotorsports.com Website belonging to Octagon Motor sports, a US marketing group which owns the rights to the British Grand Prix. Contains information on their role within the motor sports industry, press releases, and profile of the circuits which they have connections with (including Silverstone, Brands Hatch and Oulton Park).* World Cup 2002www.fifaworldcup.yahoo.com Official site of the FIFA World Cup 2002, containing news articles, competition results, and venue information.* World Student Games, 1991www.sivltd.com/donvalley Official site for the Don Valley Stadium, owned by Sheffield International Venues Ltd. Contains information on the history of the stadium, its facilities and an up-to-date calendar of events.* Other websiteswww.culture.gov.uk/sport The DCMS (Department for Culture, Media and Sports) website.www.sportengland.org Website of Sport England, the largest distributor of lottery and exchequer funding for sport in England.www.uksport.gov.uk Website of UK Sport who co-ordinate overall sports policy, the support of elite sport at the UK level as well as UK-wide programmes such as anti-doping and major events.Books* Economics, A New Approach by A.G. Anderton A contemporary A Level text fully updated and revised to take account of recent economic developments.

Tetraamminecopper(II) sulphate hydrate Write-up Essay Example for Free

Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate hydrate Write-up EssayPurposeThe purpose of this experiment is to form tetraamminecopper(II) sulphate hydrate and determine the yield.MaterialsCuSo45 weeweeNH3 (concentrated) fermentation alcohol50 cm3 measuring cylinder250 cm3 beakerSpatulaEquipment for hoover filtrationProcedureWeigh out approximately 5.0g of CuSo45H2ODissolve it in 30 cm3 water in the beaker wreak 10 cm3 concentrated ammonium hydroxide (NH3) and stir the answerAdd 40 cm3 ethanol and stir carefully for a couple of minutes.Filter the solution through equipment for vacuum filtration.Transfer the product to a clean weighing boat and leave to dry. Procedure and observations in kindFirst 5.01g of CuSo45H2O was weighed out. After it was dissolved in 30 cm3 water, in the beaker, the solution got the colour blue. Next was 10 cm3 concentrated ammonia (NH3), which was added into the solution and the colour dark blue was observed. Then 40 cm3 ethanol was added and the solution got the col our bright blue. Then the solution was filtered through a Buchner flask and the last(a) product was weighed in a plastic weighing boat. The total mass was 5.98g, from which the weight of the boat, 1.16g, has to be subtracted. So the mass of the final product was 5.98 1.16 = 4.82g.Data processing1. Calculate the number of moles CuSo45H2O used.To find out the number of moles the formula n = m / Mr has to be used.Mr = 64 + 32 + (16 x 4) + (5 x 16) = 250m = 5.01n = 5.01 / 250 = 0.02004 0.0200 moles (3 s.f.)2. Concentrated ammonia contains 25% NH3 by mass. The density of concentrated ammonia is 0.91g/cm3 . Calculate the number of moles of NH3 .Density of con. ammonia = 0.91g/cm3 and in the procedure there was used 10 cm3, so therefore mass of ammonia used 0.91 x 10 = 9.1gSince only 25% of ammonia is NH3 , mass of NH3 9.1 x 0.25 = 2.275gFrom here the amount of moles finish be calculate by the formula n = m / Mr.Mr = 14 + (1 x 3) = 17m = 2.275gn = 2.275 / 17 = 0.134 moles (3 s.f.)3. Which of the reactants is in unembellished? Which is the limiting reagent?CuSo45H2ONH3Number of moles (n)0.020.134 assign by smallest ratio0.02 / 0.02 = 10.134 / 0.02 = 6.7Divide by stoichiometric co-efficient from equation(Equation below this table)1 / 1 = 16.7 / 4 = 1.675Reactant in excess or limiting reagentLimiting reagentReactant in excess(1)CuSO4 . 5H2O + 4NH3 Cu(NH3)4SO4 . H2O + 4H2O4. Calculate the theoretical yield of Cu(NH3)4SO4 . H2OFrom the equation above it tidy sum be seen that the ratio between CuSO4 . 5H2O and Cu(NH3)4SO4 . H2O is 1 1. Therefore 0.02 moles of CuSO4 . 5H2O lead give 0.02 moles of Cu(NH3)4SO4 . H2O. By using the formula m = Mr x n the theoretical yield can be calculatedn = 0.02Mr = 246m = 0.02 x 246 = 4.92 gCalculate the yield in character of the theoretical and comment on any difference.The yield in percentage can be calculated by the formula actual mass / expected mass. 4.82 / 4.92 97.9% (3 s.f)Because the difference is so small (2.1%) the exp eriment can be considered successful. The difference could have been caused by different things like a small measurement mistake, a little bit was spilt or not transferred when the solution was held in the Buchner flask.

Credit Protection Identity Theft Essay Example for Free

reference work Protection Identity Theft Essay1. If you find misconducts on your assign key out, what steps would you take to subdue them?In my personal experience, I had an error on my credit field when I was applying for a lend with my wedge. I did non get approved for my loan even though one month anterior I was approved and I had a low interest rate due to my high score. A few days later I received a letter in the mail explaining wherefore along with my current credit report which dropped almost 100 points. I emailed one of the bureaus, explaining that there was an error with my report. I had to mail in a copy of 2 forms of ID, my letter stating my current credit report and the letter I received a month prior. Within a short time, they corrected my credit score.2. There are many organizations that claim they will repair your credit for a fee. From your readings, should fewone aim a credit repair service? Why or why not? What are some actions these organizations can take that should be a red flag?Based on my readings and personal experience, peck should not use credit repair services because the ratio of abstracts out there online are in truth high. In the technology age we are in, it is very easy to fall victim to identity theft, even from a simply online purchase. With that same concept, superfluous credit reports and repair services are not excluded plainly because it claims to help. Only one website is authorized under law to disclose such personal study to you via net that is certified annualcreditreport.com. Any other type of website that offers free reports are not part of the legally mandated free annual credit report program. If yu receive any emails, asking you to disclose personal information, it is a scam and should be reported.3. Have you, a family member, or a friend been a victim of identity theft? How did it happen? Describe the resolution process- ex. how much time did it take, what credit damage was corrected?My Mas ter serjeant-at-law I worked for opus in the Marine Corps was a victim of identity theft while temporarily overseas. He used his government credit card in Europe to pay for his hotel room. 2 weeks later, when he was back in the states, the bank called him to confirm that he had been in Asia and the Middle East inwardly 24 hours. He put a freeze on all his accounts and had to file a report of the incident. After the claim was routed, he was reimbursed and had to reopen a new account for his government credit card.4. utilise the FTC site, what can you do to minimize the chance of your identity get stolen?To minimize the chance of my identity getting stolen, per off the FTC site, I should have a safety lockbox to store all my personal information in. I should minimize what I carry with me while Im not home to the essentials so I may reduce the risk at having an identity theft. I should also shred receipts, bank statements, credit applications, checks, and any other forms of sensiti ve information when Im through with the document and I no longer need it. I should be aware of the lock icon in the universal resource locator when giving out personal information on the web to ensure the transmission is secure. Finally, I should not over share on social media websites.

Homelessness & state Essay Example for Free

Homelessness say EssayHomelessness is a allege that large number do non have to experience. It is the right of every benignant to live in a fair to middling place and to have all the necessities in animation. Homelessness is non merely being without a place to stay in. Homelessness reflects the lack of lifes basic essentials and the lack of decent means to secure it. Homeless multitude live under bridges, in parks, and in any an opposite(prenominal) place that they elicit find pro tem shelter. Shelter, that seems to be the word that most people associate with the state of dispossessedness. Sadly though, people tend to forget the homeless need more essential things that merely shelter. These people, further like everyone else, need and deserve food, water, and clothing. These atomic number 18 the essentials of life that both law and ethics consider as the right of every human being. It is the basic right of all humans. Every human being deserves the self-respect of life. This does not mean affluent ways of living. It only means that the basic call for of daily life are provided or available. I do not declaim of the luxuries for it is a fact of life that not everyone can have these.I only speak of the things that we need to survive. These are not hard to get, nor are they hard to give. However, it seems that the right to lifes basic essentials has become a forgotten right peculiarly for those who are in the position to assistance the needy in acquiring these necessities fail to act. I speak of both the civil governments and private entities who possess the capability to help the homeless. The homeless live primarily from the excesses of other people. The scourge through dumpsters and garbage cans to find the things they need to survive.It puzzles me why these people need to wait for others to shake away their excesses before they can actually get a hold of them. If people can knuckle under to throw away these things, why cant we all ju st set these aside for the homeless? Why do we have to wait for food to rot or for clothes to become out-of-fashion for our degustation to throw them away? Our excesses are valuable to other people. We do not have to throw them away. We can simply give it to those in need. It is not very difficult. In fact, it is very simple. Homelessness is a problem not just of the people who experience it but of society in general.It is just much of the homeless peoples right to have their basic needs as it is the duty of the government to provide these people with the means to acquire what they need. Employment opportunities must be given. Training programs to acquire the necessary skills to join the fag out market must likewise be provided. Although these might not completely eradicate homelessness, these measures can help the homeless move up in life and to live a more decent and dignified life. Homeless shelters are not the answer to the problem for these place only serve as temporary spac es for the homeless.Once they step out of the shelter, they are right back in the state of homelessness. What the government needs to do is to give the homeless the means they need to provide themselves with their own needs. Lars Eighner is an exception for prior to suitable homeless, he actually had skills and talents to move up in the world. Other homeless people are not so fortunate. Thus, it is the duty of the government and of private corporations as well to give the homeless the chance to beat the state of homelessness for no one deserves to become homeless.

Risky Behaviors in Teens Essay Example for Free

Risky Behaviors in Teens EssayTeens ar at high behavioral essay for acquiring most STDs. Teenagers and young adults atomic number 18 much likely than other age groups to claim multiple sex partners, to restrict in susceptible sex, and, for young women, to choose sexual partners older than themselves. Moreover, young women are biologically more susceptible to chlamydia, bam and HIV. (http//www. cdc. gov/std/Trends2000/trends2000. pd). In the United States alone stripling births are extremely high, they represent about 10 portion of 4 trillion births each year. Not only does having a nipper during the teenage years causes cordial, emotional, and somatogenic problems it besides cost the United States 9 billion dollars a year. When having unprotected sex, not only maternal quality is a stage business but receiving a sexually transfer disease is a huge concern as well. In order to treat STDs in America it cost the government $17 million a year. The two most common ST Ds that teenagers catch are chlamydia, and gonorrhea. As a public wellness official it is important to spang why do teenagers continually put themselves in situations that basin distort their lives.Another thing public officials need to look into is the adolescents psychosexual health. There have been so some studies looking at the vantage point on the amount STDs, abortions, and pregnancies teens have. Now that depression is a increase concern in adolescents today, looking into the correlation between sexual activity and depression will be of great help to the public health community (Kosunen,Heino, Rimpela, and Laippala). In order to find these answers we must maiden examine two human behavioral theories 1) Bronfenbrenners bionomic possible action and 2) the attachment theory.Once we have the answers to the question of why, then we can start the prevention of teen pregnancies and the spread of STDs amongst our youth. Bronfenbrenner is the leading contributor to the ecologic al clays theory. The ecological theory uses four types of roles and norms that shape infantrens development. In order to make the theory is easy-to-understand Bronfenbrenner draw it as the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macro system. It is stated that, This theory looks at a sisters development deep down the context of the system of relationships that form his or her environment.Bronfenbrenners theory defines complex layers of environment, each having an effect on a childs development. This theory has recently been renamed bio ecological systems theory to emphasize that a childs own biology is a primary environment fueling her development. The fundamental interaction between factors in the childs maturing biology, his immediate family/community environment, and the societal landscape fuels and steers his development. Changes or conflict in both one layer will ripple throughout other layers.To study a childs development then, we must look not only at the child and her immediate environment, but alike at the interaction of the larger environment as well (http//pt3. nl. edu/paquetteryanwebquest. pdf). The microsystem is where the child has direct daily contact with certain structures. The microsystem includes the childs family, school, daycare, and the childs neighborhood. Since this is the most important part of the ecological system the relationships have an usurpation that can go into different directions(both away from the child and towards the child).For example, a childs parents may affect his beliefs and behavior however, the child also affects the behavior and beliefs of the parent. Bronfenbrenner calls these bi-directional influences, and he shows how they occur among all levels of environment. The interaction of structures within a layer and interactions of structures between layers is key to this theory. At the microsystem level, bi-directional influences are strongest and have the greatest impact on the child. However, interactions at outer levels can still impact the inner structures. ((http//pt3. nl. edu/paquetteryanwebquest. pdf).The mesosystem is the connection between the childs microsystems. This can be the connection between the teacher and the childs parents. The exosystem is the layer where the child does not function directly. This could be the parents work place or work entry even though the child does not function directly in this atmosphere the child can still feel the positive or negative consequences associated with the interaction. The macrosystem consists of the childs culture, values, customs, and laws. For example if the childs culture believes that it takes a village to raise a child, not only will mom and soda punish you but Ms.Susie the next door neighbor will too.This gives the parents many more reextractions in order to raise their child in the appropriate way. supplement theory describes the dynamics of long relationships between humans especially as within families and between li fe-long friends. Its most important tenet is that an infant needs to develop a relationship with at least one primary caregiver for social and emotional development to occur normally, and that further relationships build on the patterns developed in the first relationships.Attachment theory is an interdisciplinary study encompassing the fields of psychological, evolution , and ethological theory. (http//www. absoluteastronomy. com/topics/Attachment_theory). For a visual sense of adolescents, going into the teen years can be a very(prenominal) stressful transition. This met with a lot of intense challenges and changes. During this measure the teen is moving away from his or her parents as their primary attachments figure and are looking towards their friends to be their primary attachment theory. If the teens friends are engaging in risky behaviors such as having more than one sexual partners, having unprotected sex, and etc. he teen is more likely to engage in the same type of b ehavior(Tracey and Shaver p. 2).Adolescents interact simultaneously in several social spheressuch as family, peer, and neighborhood systemsthat can serve to either restrain or promote individual behaviors (DiClemente, Salazar, Crosby, Rosenthalp. 1). The roles of the parents are very important studies have shown that if parents are more focused on their childs wellbeing and know the whereabouts of their child, the adolescent is less likely to engage in risky behaviors (Voisin and DiClemente p. ). in understanding how the ecological theory works, if the child or adolescent is surrounded by teen gestation period, risky behaviors, and the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases this adolescent will believe that this behavior is okay. It is important for the adolescent to have detain inside and orthogonal of his or hers home. It is a belief that teen pregnancy and STDs can be prevented, but the question is how do public health officials began to combat these problems?In January 2011 Frayser high school made national news because 90 girls were pregnant who currently attended the school. In Memphis, the teen pregnancy rate is between 15 percent and 20 percent and in Frayser, the rate is 26 percent, said Deborah Hester Harrison, executive director of Memphis Girls Inc. Its no surprise that Harrison places at least part of the blame on the media, such as the popular MTV shows 16 and Pregnant and Teen Mom. (http//fieldnotes. msnbc. msn. com/_news/2011/01/14/5841767-90-pregnancies-at-o ne-high-school).In order for Memphis to fight this epidemic, they have received funding from the concentre of Disease Control (CDC) in order to conduct a youth risk behaviors survey and devour effective policies, programs, and practices to avoid, prevent, and reduce sexual risk behaviors among assimilators that contribute to HIV infection, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and pregnancy. (http//www. cdc. gov/healthyyouth/states/locals/tn-memphis. htm). The youth risk beh avior survey shows that 90% of teenagers in Memphis do not use protection when having intercourse. The survey also shows that over 60% of teens have had sex are sexually active.Memphis City Schools are implementing a lot of different programs that will teach teens the importance of using protection during sex and the different effects that STDs and pregnancy can have on their lives (http//www. cdc. gov/healthyyouth/states/locals/tn-memphis. htm1). It is a well-known fact that parents play an important part in their childs development, there should be a free parenting class to parents that will teach them how to argue with their teens risky behaviors. Also teachers need to be better trained on how they deal with a students situation. Schools represent another socializing agent for adolescents and can be a significant source of support.This may be particularly important for many high-risk teenagers, whose families may lack adequate resources and enate support. Adolescents who believ e that they are receiving high levels of support in school and feel that they are connected to teachers are less likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors compared with peers reporting less school support or teacher connectedness (DiClemente, Salazar, Crosby, Rosenthal, p. 1). By involving the parents and teachers into the preventive process teen pregnancy and STDs will decline.